| 1 | mailto(rsync-bugs@samba.org) |
| 2 | manpage(rsyncd.conf)(5)(29 Jun 2008)()() |
| 3 | manpagename(rsyncd.conf)(configuration file for rsync in daemon mode) |
| 4 | manpagesynopsis() |
| 5 | |
| 6 | rsyncd.conf |
| 7 | |
| 8 | manpagedescription() |
| 9 | |
| 10 | The rsyncd.conf file is the runtime configuration file for rsync when |
| 11 | run as an rsync daemon. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | The rsyncd.conf file controls authentication, access, logging and |
| 14 | available modules. |
| 15 | |
| 16 | manpagesection(FILE FORMAT) |
| 17 | |
| 18 | The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the |
| 19 | name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next |
| 20 | module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form "name = value". |
| 21 | |
| 22 | The file is line-based -- that is, each newline-terminated line represents |
| 23 | either a comment, a module name or a parameter. |
| 24 | |
| 25 | Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before |
| 26 | or after the first equals sign is discarded. Leading, trailing and internal |
| 27 | whitespace in module and parameter names is irrelevant. Leading and |
| 28 | trailing whitespace in a parameter value is discarded. Internal whitespace |
| 29 | within a parameter value is retained verbatim. |
| 30 | |
| 31 | Any line beginning with a hash (#) is ignored, as are lines containing |
| 32 | only whitespace. |
| 33 | |
| 34 | Any line ending in a \ is "continued" on the next line in the |
| 35 | customary UNIX fashion. |
| 36 | |
| 37 | The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string |
| 38 | (no quotes needed) or a boolean, which may be given as yes/no, 0/1 or |
| 39 | true/false. Case is not significant in boolean values, but is preserved |
| 40 | in string values. |
| 41 | |
| 42 | manpagesection(LAUNCHING THE RSYNC DAEMON) |
| 43 | |
| 44 | The rsync daemon is launched by specifying the bf(--daemon) option to |
| 45 | rsync. |
| 46 | |
| 47 | The daemon must run with root privileges if you wish to use chroot, to |
| 48 | bind to a port numbered under 1024 (as is the default 873), or to set |
| 49 | file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and |
| 50 | write the appropriate data, log, and lock files. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | You can launch it either via inetd, as a stand-alone daemon, or from |
| 53 | an rsync client via a remote shell. If run as a stand-alone daemon then |
| 54 | just run the command "bf(rsync --daemon)" from a suitable startup script. |
| 55 | |
| 56 | When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services: |
| 57 | |
| 58 | verb( rsync 873/tcp) |
| 59 | |
| 60 | and a single line something like this to /etc/inetd.conf: |
| 61 | |
| 62 | verb( rsync stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/rsync rsyncd --daemon) |
| 63 | |
| 64 | Replace "/usr/bin/rsync" with the path to where you have rsync installed on |
| 65 | your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to |
| 66 | reread its config file. |
| 67 | |
| 68 | Note that you should bf(not) send the rsync daemon a HUP signal to force |
| 69 | it to reread the tt(rsyncd.conf) file. The file is re-read on each client |
| 70 | connection. |
| 71 | |
| 72 | manpagesection(GLOBAL PARAMETERS) |
| 73 | |
| 74 | The first parameters in the file (before a [module] header) are the |
| 75 | global parameters. |
| 76 | |
| 77 | You may also include any module parameters in the global part of the |
| 78 | config file in which case the supplied value will override the |
| 79 | default for that parameter. |
| 80 | |
| 81 | You may use references to environment variables in the values of parameters. |
| 82 | String parameters will have %VAR% references expanded as late as possible (when |
| 83 | the string is used in the program), allowing for the use of variables that |
| 84 | rsync sets at connection time, such as RSYNC_USER_NAME. Non-string parameters |
| 85 | (such as true/false settings) are expanded when read from the config file. If |
| 86 | a variable does not exist in the environment, or if a sequence of characters is |
| 87 | not a valid reference (such as an un-paired percent sign), the raw characters |
| 88 | are passed through unchanged. This helps with backward compatibility and |
| 89 | safety (e.g. expanding a non-existent %VAR% to an empty string in a path could |
| 90 | result in a very unsafe path). The safest way to insert a literal % into a |
| 91 | value is to use %%. |
| 92 | |
| 93 | startdit() |
| 94 | dit(bf(motd file)) This parameter allows you to specify a |
| 95 | "message of the day" to display to clients on each connect. This |
| 96 | usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default |
| 97 | is no motd file. |
| 98 | This can be overridden by the bf(--dparam=motdfile=FILE) |
| 99 | command-line option when starting the daemon. |
| 100 | |
| 101 | dit(bf(pid file)) This parameter tells the rsync daemon to write |
| 102 | its process ID to that file. If the file already exists, the rsync |
| 103 | daemon will abort rather than overwrite the file. |
| 104 | This can be overridden by the bf(--dparam=pidfile=FILE) |
| 105 | command-line option when starting the daemon. |
| 106 | |
| 107 | dit(bf(port)) You can override the default port the daemon will listen on |
| 108 | by specifying this value (defaults to 873). This is ignored if the daemon |
| 109 | is being run by inetd, and is superseded by the bf(--port) command-line option. |
| 110 | |
| 111 | dit(bf(address)) You can override the default IP address the daemon |
| 112 | will listen on by specifying this value. This is ignored if the daemon is |
| 113 | being run by inetd, and is superseded by the bf(--address) command-line option. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | dit(bf(socket options)) This parameter can provide endless fun for people |
| 116 | who like to tune their systems to the utmost degree. You can set all |
| 117 | sorts of socket options which may make transfers faster (or |
| 118 | slower!). Read the man page for the code(setsockopt()) system call for |
| 119 | details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no |
| 120 | special socket options are set. These settings can also be specified |
| 121 | via the bf(--sockopts) command-line option. |
| 122 | |
| 123 | dit(bf(listen backlog)) You can override the default backlog value when the |
| 124 | daemon listens for connections. It defaults to 5. |
| 125 | |
| 126 | enddit() |
| 127 | |
| 128 | manpagesection(MODULE PARAMETERS) |
| 129 | |
| 130 | After the global parameters you should define a number of modules, each |
| 131 | module exports a directory tree as a symbolic name. Modules are |
| 132 | exported by specifying a module name in square brackets [module] |
| 133 | followed by the parameters for that module. |
| 134 | The module name cannot contain a slash or a closing square bracket. If the |
| 135 | name contains whitespace, each internal sequence of whitespace will be |
| 136 | changed into a single space, while leading or trailing whitespace will be |
| 137 | discarded. |
| 138 | |
| 139 | As with GLOBAL PARAMETERS, you may use references to environment variables in |
| 140 | the values of parameters. See the GLOBAL PARAMETERS section for more details. |
| 141 | |
| 142 | startdit() |
| 143 | |
| 144 | dit(bf(comment)) This parameter specifies a description string |
| 145 | that is displayed next to the module name when clients obtain a list |
| 146 | of available modules. The default is no comment. |
| 147 | |
| 148 | dit(bf(path)) This parameter specifies the directory in the daemon's |
| 149 | filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this parameter |
| 150 | for each module in tt(rsyncd.conf). |
| 151 | |
| 152 | You may base the path's value off of an environment variable by surrounding |
| 153 | the variable name with percent signs. You can even reference a variable |
| 154 | that is set by rsync when the user connects. |
| 155 | For example, this would use the authorizing user's name in the path: |
| 156 | |
| 157 | verb( path = /home/%RSYNC_USER_NAME% ) |
| 158 | |
| 159 | dit(bf(use chroot)) If "use chroot" is true, the rsync daemon will chroot |
| 160 | to the "path" before starting the file transfer with the client. This has |
| 161 | the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security |
| 162 | holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super-user privileges, |
| 163 | of not being able to follow symbolic links that are either absolute or outside |
| 164 | of the new root path, and of complicating the preservation of users and groups |
| 165 | by name (see below). |
| 166 | |
| 167 | As an additional safety feature, you can specify a dot-dir in the module's |
| 168 | "path" to indicate the point where the chroot should occur. This allows rsync |
| 169 | to run in a chroot with a non-"/" path for the top of the transfer hierarchy. |
| 170 | Doing this guards against unintended library loading (since those absolute |
| 171 | paths will not be inside the transfer hierarchy unless you have used an unwise |
| 172 | pathname), and lets you setup libraries for the chroot that are outside of the |
| 173 | transfer. For example, specifying "/var/rsync/./module1" will chroot to the |
| 174 | "/var/rsync" directory and set the inside-chroot path to "/module1". If you |
| 175 | had omitted the dot-dir, the chroot would have used the whole path, and the |
| 176 | inside-chroot path would have been "/". |
| 177 | |
| 178 | When "use chroot" is false or the inside-chroot path is not "/", rsync will: |
| 179 | (1) munge symlinks by |
| 180 | default for security reasons (see "munge symlinks" for a way to turn this |
| 181 | off, but only if you trust your users), (2) substitute leading slashes in |
| 182 | absolute paths with the module's path (so that options such as |
| 183 | bf(--backup-dir), bf(--compare-dest), etc. interpret an absolute path as |
| 184 | rooted in the module's "path" dir), and (3) trim ".." path elements from |
| 185 | args if rsync believes they would escape the module hierarchy. |
| 186 | The default for "use chroot" is true, and is the safer choice (especially |
| 187 | if the module is not read-only). |
| 188 | |
| 189 | When this parameter is enabled, rsync will not attempt to map users and groups |
| 190 | by name (by default), but instead copy IDs as though bf(--numeric-ids) had |
| 191 | been specified. In order to enable name-mapping, rsync needs to be able to |
| 192 | use the standard library functions for looking up names and IDs (i.e. |
| 193 | code(getpwuid()), code(getgrgid()), code(getpwname()), and code(getgrnam())). |
| 194 | This means the rsync |
| 195 | process in the chroot hierarchy will need to have access to the resources |
| 196 | used by these library functions (traditionally /etc/passwd and |
| 197 | /etc/group, but perhaps additional dynamic libraries as well). |
| 198 | |
| 199 | If you copy the necessary resources into the module's chroot area, you |
| 200 | should protect them through your OS's normal user/group or ACL settings (to |
| 201 | prevent the rsync module's user from being able to change them), and then |
| 202 | hide them from the user's view via "exclude" (see how in the discussion of |
| 203 | that parameter). At that point it will be safe to enable the mapping of users |
| 204 | and groups by name using the "numeric ids" daemon parameter (see below). |
| 205 | |
| 206 | Note also that you are free to setup custom user/group information in the |
| 207 | chroot area that is different from your normal system. For example, you |
| 208 | could abbreviate the list of users and groups. |
| 209 | |
| 210 | dit(bf(numeric ids)) Enabling this parameter disables the mapping |
| 211 | of users and groups by name for the current daemon module. This prevents |
| 212 | the daemon from trying to load any user/group-related files or libraries. |
| 213 | This enabling makes the transfer behave as if the client had passed |
| 214 | the bf(--numeric-ids) command-line option. By default, this parameter is |
| 215 | enabled for chroot modules and disabled for non-chroot modules. |
| 216 | |
| 217 | A chroot-enabled module should not have this parameter enabled unless you've |
| 218 | taken steps to ensure that the module has the necessary resources it needs |
| 219 | to translate names, and that it is not possible for a user to change those |
| 220 | resources. |
| 221 | |
| 222 | dit(bf(munge symlinks)) This parameter tells rsync to modify |
| 223 | all symlinks in the same way as the (non-daemon-affecting) |
| 224 | bf(--munge-links) command-line option (using a method described below). |
| 225 | This should help protect your files from user trickery when |
| 226 | your daemon module is writable. The default is disabled when "use chroot" |
| 227 | is on and the inside-chroot path is "/", otherwise it is enabled. |
| 228 | |
| 229 | If you disable this parameter on a daemon that is not read-only, there |
| 230 | are tricks that a user can play with uploaded symlinks to access |
| 231 | daemon-excluded items (if your module has any), and, if "use chroot" |
| 232 | is off, rsync can even be tricked into showing or changing data that |
| 233 | is outside the module's path (as access-permissions allow). |
| 234 | |
| 235 | The way rsync disables the use of symlinks is to prefix each one with |
| 236 | the string "/rsyncd-munged/". This prevents the links from being used |
| 237 | as long as that directory does not exist. When this parameter is enabled, |
| 238 | rsync will refuse to run if that path is a directory or a symlink to |
| 239 | a directory. When using the "munge symlinks" parameter in a chroot area |
| 240 | that has an inside-chroot path of "/", you should add "/rsyncd-munged/" |
| 241 | to the exclude setting for the module so that |
| 242 | a user can't try to create it. |
| 243 | |
| 244 | Note: rsync makes no attempt to verify that any pre-existing symlinks in |
| 245 | the module's hierarchy are as safe as you want them to be (unless, of |
| 246 | course, it just copied in the whole hierarchy). If you setup an rsync |
| 247 | daemon on a new area or locally add symlinks, you can manually protect your |
| 248 | symlinks from being abused by prefixing "/rsyncd-munged/" to the start of |
| 249 | every symlink's value. There is a perl script in the support directory |
| 250 | of the source code named "munge-symlinks" that can be used to add or remove |
| 251 | this prefix from your symlinks. |
| 252 | |
| 253 | When this parameter is disabled on a writable module and "use chroot" is off |
| 254 | (or the inside-chroot path is not "/"), |
| 255 | incoming symlinks will be modified to drop a leading slash and to remove ".." |
| 256 | path elements that rsync believes will allow a symlink to escape the module's |
| 257 | hierarchy. There are tricky ways to work around this, though, so you had |
| 258 | better trust your users if you choose this combination of parameters. |
| 259 | |
| 260 | dit(bf(charset)) This specifies the name of the character set in which the |
| 261 | module's filenames are stored. If the client uses an bf(--iconv) option, |
| 262 | the daemon will use the value of the "charset" parameter regardless of the |
| 263 | character set the client actually passed. This allows the daemon to |
| 264 | support charset conversion in a chroot module without extra files in the |
| 265 | chroot area, and also ensures that name-translation is done in a consistent |
| 266 | manner. If the "charset" parameter is not set, the bf(--iconv) option is |
| 267 | refused, just as if "iconv" had been specified via "refuse options". |
| 268 | |
| 269 | If you wish to force users to always use bf(--iconv) for a particular |
| 270 | module, add "no-iconv" to the "refuse options" parameter. Keep in mind |
| 271 | that this will restrict access to your module to very new rsync clients. |
| 272 | |
| 273 | dit(bf(max connections)) This parameter allows you to |
| 274 | specify the maximum number of simultaneous connections you will allow. |
| 275 | Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a |
| 276 | message telling them to try later. The default is 0, which means no limit. |
| 277 | A negative value disables the module. |
| 278 | See also the "lock file" parameter. |
| 279 | |
| 280 | dit(bf(log file)) When the "log file" parameter is set to a non-empty |
| 281 | string, the rsync daemon will log messages to the indicated file rather |
| 282 | than using syslog. This is particularly useful on systems (such as AIX) |
| 283 | where code(syslog()) doesn't work for chrooted programs. The file is |
| 284 | opened before code(chroot()) is called, allowing it to be placed outside |
| 285 | the transfer. If this value is set on a per-module basis instead of |
| 286 | globally, the global log will still contain any authorization failures |
| 287 | or config-file error messages. |
| 288 | |
| 289 | If the daemon fails to open the specified file, it will fall back to |
| 290 | using syslog and output an error about the failure. (Note that the |
| 291 | failure to open the specified log file used to be a fatal error.) |
| 292 | |
| 293 | This setting can be overridden by using the bf(--log-file=FILE) or |
| 294 | bf(--dparam=logfile=FILE) command-line options. The former overrides |
| 295 | all the log-file parameters of the daemon and all module settings. |
| 296 | The latter sets the daemon's log file and the default for all the |
| 297 | modules, which still allows modules to override the default setting. |
| 298 | |
| 299 | dit(bf(syslog facility)) This parameter allows you to |
| 300 | specify the syslog facility name to use when logging messages from the |
| 301 | rsync daemon. You may use any standard syslog facility name which is |
| 302 | defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, |
| 303 | ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0, |
| 304 | local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default |
| 305 | is daemon. This setting has no effect if the "log file" setting is a |
| 306 | non-empty string (either set in the per-modules settings, or inherited |
| 307 | from the global settings). |
| 308 | |
| 309 | dit(bf(max verbosity)) This parameter allows you to control |
| 310 | the maximum amount of verbose information that you'll allow the daemon to |
| 311 | generate (since the information goes into the log file). The default is 1, |
| 312 | which allows the client to request one level of verbosity. |
| 313 | |
| 314 | dit(bf(lock file)) This parameter specifies the file to use to |
| 315 | support the "max connections" parameter. The rsync daemon uses record |
| 316 | locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not |
| 317 | exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file. |
| 318 | The default is tt(/var/run/rsyncd.lock). |
| 319 | |
| 320 | dit(bf(read only)) This parameter determines whether clients |
| 321 | will be able to upload files or not. If "read only" is true then any |
| 322 | attempted uploads will fail. If "read only" is false then uploads will |
| 323 | be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The default |
| 324 | is for all modules to be read only. |
| 325 | |
| 326 | Note that "auth users" can override this setting on a per-user basis. |
| 327 | |
| 328 | dit(bf(write only)) This parameter determines whether clients |
| 329 | will be able to download files or not. If "write only" is true then any |
| 330 | attempted downloads will fail. If "write only" is false then downloads |
| 331 | will be possible if file permissions on the daemon side allow them. The |
| 332 | default is for this parameter to be disabled. |
| 333 | |
| 334 | dit(bf(list)) This parameter determines whether this module is |
| 335 | listed when the client asks for a listing of available modules. In addition, |
| 336 | if this is false, the daemon will pretend the module does not exist |
| 337 | when a client denied by "hosts allow" or "hosts deny" attempts to access it. |
| 338 | Realize that if "reverse lookup" is disabled globally but enabled for the |
| 339 | module, the resulting reverse lookup to a potentially client-controlled DNS |
| 340 | server may still reveal to the client that it hit an existing module. |
| 341 | The default is for modules to be listable. |
| 342 | |
| 343 | dit(bf(uid)) This parameter specifies the user name or user ID that |
| 344 | file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon |
| 345 | was run as root. In combination with the "gid" parameter this determines what |
| 346 | file permissions are available. The default when run by a super-user is to |
| 347 | switch to the system's "nobody" user. The default for a non-super-user is to |
| 348 | not try to change the user. See also the "gid" parameter. |
| 349 | |
| 350 | The RSYNC_USER_NAME environment variable may be used to request that rsync run |
| 351 | as the authorizing user. For example, if you want a rsync to run as the same |
| 352 | user that was received for the rsync authentication, this setup is useful: |
| 353 | |
| 354 | verb( uid = %RSYNC_USER_NAME% |
| 355 | gid = * ) |
| 356 | |
| 357 | dit(bf(gid)) This parameter specifies one or more group names/IDs that will be |
| 358 | used when accessing the module. The first one will be the default group, and |
| 359 | any extra ones be set as supplemental groups. You may also specify a "*" as |
| 360 | the first gid in the list, which will be replaced by all the normal groups for |
| 361 | the transfer's user (see "uid"). The default when run by a super-user is to |
| 362 | switch to your OS's "nobody" (or perhaps "nogroup") group with no other |
| 363 | supplementary groups. The default for a non-super-user is to not change any |
| 364 | group attributes (and indeed, your OS may not allow a non-super-user to try to |
| 365 | change their group settings). |
| 366 | |
| 367 | dit(bf(fake super)) Setting "fake super = yes" for a module causes the |
| 368 | daemon side to behave as if the bf(--fake-super) command-line option had |
| 369 | been specified. This allows the full attributes of a file to be stored |
| 370 | without having to have the daemon actually running as root. |
| 371 | |
| 372 | dit(bf(filter)) The daemon has its own filter chain that determines what files |
| 373 | it will let the client access. This chain is not sent to the client and is |
| 374 | independent of any filters the client may have specified. Files excluded by |
| 375 | the daemon filter chain (bf(daemon-excluded) files) are treated as non-existent |
| 376 | if the client tries to pull them, are skipped with an error message if the |
| 377 | client tries to push them (triggering exit code 23), and are never deleted from |
| 378 | the module. You can use daemon filters to prevent clients from downloading or |
| 379 | tampering with private administrative files, such as files you may add to |
| 380 | support uid/gid name translations. |
| 381 | |
| 382 | The daemon filter chain is built from the "filter", "include from", "include", |
| 383 | "exclude from", and "exclude" parameters, in that order of priority. Anchored |
| 384 | patterns are anchored at the root of the module. To prevent access to an |
| 385 | entire subtree, for example, "/secret", you em(must) exclude everything in the |
| 386 | subtree; the easiest way to do this is with a triple-star pattern like |
| 387 | "/secret/***". |
| 388 | |
| 389 | The "filter" parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon filter rules, |
| 390 | though it is smart enough to know not to split a token at an internal space in |
| 391 | a rule (e.g. "- /foo - /bar" is parsed as two rules). You may specify one or |
| 392 | more merge-file rules using the normal syntax. Only one "filter" parameter can |
| 393 | apply to a given module in the config file, so put all the rules you want in a |
| 394 | single parameter. Note that per-directory merge-file rules do not provide as |
| 395 | much protection as global rules, but they can be used to make bf(--delete) work |
| 396 | better during a client download operation if the per-dir merge files are |
| 397 | included in the transfer and the client requests that they be used. |
| 398 | |
| 399 | dit(bf(exclude)) This parameter takes a space-separated list of daemon |
| 400 | exclude patterns. As with the client bf(--exclude) option, patterns can be |
| 401 | qualified with "- " or "+ " to explicitly indicate exclude/include. Only one |
| 402 | "exclude" parameter can apply to a given module. See the "filter" parameter |
| 403 | for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. |
| 404 | |
| 405 | dit(bf(include)) Use an "include" to override the effects of the "exclude" |
| 406 | parameter. Only one "include" parameter can apply to a given module. See the |
| 407 | "filter" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the daemon. |
| 408 | |
| 409 | dit(bf(exclude from)) This parameter specifies the name of a file |
| 410 | on the daemon that contains daemon exclude patterns, one per line. Only one |
| 411 | "exclude from" parameter can apply to a given module; if you have multiple |
| 412 | exclude-from files, you can specify them as a merge file in the "filter" |
| 413 | parameter. See the "filter" parameter for a description of how excluded files |
| 414 | affect the daemon. |
| 415 | |
| 416 | dit(bf(include from)) Analogue of "exclude from" for a file of daemon include |
| 417 | patterns. Only one "include from" parameter can apply to a given module. See |
| 418 | the "filter" parameter for a description of how excluded files affect the |
| 419 | daemon. |
| 420 | |
| 421 | dit(bf(incoming chmod)) This parameter allows you to specify a set of |
| 422 | comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all |
| 423 | incoming files (files that are being received by the daemon). These |
| 424 | changes happen after all other permission calculations, and this will |
| 425 | even override destination-default and/or existing permissions when the |
| 426 | client does not specify bf(--perms). |
| 427 | See the description of the bf(--chmod) rsync option and the bf(chmod)(1) |
| 428 | manpage for information on the format of this string. |
| 429 | |
| 430 | dit(bf(outgoing chmod)) This parameter allows you to specify a set of |
| 431 | comma-separated chmod strings that will affect the permissions of all |
| 432 | outgoing files (files that are being sent out from the daemon). These |
| 433 | changes happen first, making the sent permissions appear to be different |
| 434 | than those stored in the filesystem itself. For instance, you could |
| 435 | disable group write permissions on the server while having it appear to |
| 436 | be on to the clients. |
| 437 | See the description of the bf(--chmod) rsync option and the bf(chmod)(1) |
| 438 | manpage for information on the format of this string. |
| 439 | |
| 440 | dit(bf(auth users)) This parameter specifies a comma and/or space-separated |
| 441 | list of authorization rules. In its simplest form, you list the usernames |
| 442 | that will be allowed to connect to |
| 443 | this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local |
| 444 | system. The rules may contain shell wildcard characters that will be matched |
| 445 | against the username provided by the client for authentication. If |
| 446 | "auth users" is set then the client will be challenged to supply a |
| 447 | username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response |
| 448 | authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text |
| 449 | usernames and passwords are stored in the file specified by the |
| 450 | "secrets file" parameter. The default is for all users to be able to |
| 451 | connect without a password (this is called "anonymous rsync"). |
| 452 | |
| 453 | In addition to username matching, you can specify groupname matching via a '@' |
| 454 | prefix. When using groupname matching, the authenticating username must be a |
| 455 | real user on the system, or it will be assumed to be a member of no groups. |
| 456 | For example, specifying "@rsync" will match the authenticating user if the |
| 457 | named user is a member of the rsync group. |
| 458 | |
| 459 | Finally, options may be specified after a colon (:). The options allow you to |
| 460 | "deny" a user or a group, set the access to "ro" (read-only), or set the access |
| 461 | to "rw" (read/write). Setting an auth-rule-specific ro/rw setting overrides |
| 462 | the module's "read only" setting. |
| 463 | |
| 464 | Be sure to put the rules in the order you want them to be matched, because the |
| 465 | checking stops at the first matching user or group, and that is the only auth |
| 466 | that is checked. For example: |
| 467 | |
| 468 | verb( auth users = joe:deny @guest:deny admin:rw @rsync:ro susan joe sam ) |
| 469 | |
| 470 | In the above rule, user joe will be denied access no matter what. Any user |
| 471 | that is in the group "guest" is also denied access. The user "admin" gets |
| 472 | access in read/write mode, but only if the admin user is not in group "guest" |
| 473 | (because the admin user-matching rule would never be reached if the user is in |
| 474 | group "guest"). Any other user who is in group "rsync" will get read-only |
| 475 | access. Finally, users susan, joe, and sam get the ro/rw setting of the |
| 476 | module, but only if the user didn't match an earlier group-matching rule. |
| 477 | |
| 478 | See the description of the secrets file for how you can have per-user passwords |
| 479 | as well as per-group passwords. It also explains how a user can authenticate |
| 480 | using their user password or (when applicable) a group password, depending on |
| 481 | what rule is being authenticated. |
| 482 | |
| 483 | See also the section entitled "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE |
| 484 | SHELL CONNECTION" in bf(rsync)(1) for information on how handle an |
| 485 | rsyncd.conf-level username that differs from the remote-shell-level |
| 486 | username when using a remote shell to connect to an rsync daemon. |
| 487 | |
| 488 | dit(bf(secrets file)) This parameter specifies the name of a file that contains |
| 489 | the username:password and/or @groupname:password pairs used for authenticating |
| 490 | this module. This file is only consulted if the "auth users" parameter is |
| 491 | specified. The file is line-based and contains one name:password pair per |
| 492 | line. Any line has a hash (#) as the very first character on the line is |
| 493 | considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords can contain any characters |
| 494 | but be warned that many operating systems limit the length of passwords that |
| 495 | can be typed at the client end, so you may find that passwords longer than 8 |
| 496 | characters don't work. |
| 497 | |
| 498 | The use of group-specific lines are only relevant when the module is being |
| 499 | authorized using a matching "@groupname" rule. When that happens, the user |
| 500 | can be authorized via either their "username:password" line or the |
| 501 | "@groupname:password" line for the group that triggered the authentication. |
| 502 | |
| 503 | It is up to you what kind of password entries you want to include, either |
| 504 | users, groups, or both. The use of group rules in "auth users" does not |
| 505 | require that you specify a group password if you do not want to use shared |
| 506 | passwords. |
| 507 | |
| 508 | There is no default for the "secrets file" parameter, you must choose a name |
| 509 | (such as tt(/etc/rsyncd.secrets)). The file must normally not be readable |
| 510 | by "other"; see "strict modes". If the file is not found or is rejected, no |
| 511 | logins for a "user auth" module will be possible. |
| 512 | |
| 513 | dit(bf(strict modes)) This parameter determines whether or not |
| 514 | the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If "strict modes" is |
| 515 | true, then the secrets file must not be readable by any user ID other |
| 516 | than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If "strict modes" is |
| 517 | false, the check is not performed. The default is true. This parameter |
| 518 | was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system. |
| 519 | |
| 520 | dit(bf(hosts allow)) This parameter allows you to specify a |
| 521 | list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients |
| 522 | hostname and IP address. If none of the patterns match then the |
| 523 | connection is rejected. |
| 524 | |
| 525 | Each pattern can be in one of five forms: |
| 526 | |
| 527 | quote(itemization( |
| 528 | it() a dotted decimal IPv4 address of the form a.b.c.d, or an IPv6 address |
| 529 | of the form a:b:c::d:e:f. In this case the incoming machine's IP address |
| 530 | must match exactly. |
| 531 | it() an address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP address |
| 532 | and n is the number of one bits in the netmask. All IP addresses which |
| 533 | match the masked IP address will be allowed in. |
| 534 | it() an address/mask in the form ipaddr/maskaddr where ipaddr is the |
| 535 | IP address and maskaddr is the netmask in dotted decimal notation for IPv4, |
| 536 | or similar for IPv6, e.g. ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:: instead of /64. All IP |
| 537 | addresses which match the masked IP address will be allowed in. |
| 538 | it() a hostname pattern using wildcards. If the hostname of the connecting IP |
| 539 | (as determined by a reverse lookup) matches the wildcarded name (using the |
| 540 | same rules as normal unix filename matching), the client is allowed in. This |
| 541 | only works if "reverse lookup" is enabled (the default). |
| 542 | it() a hostname. A plain hostname is matched against the reverse DNS of the |
| 543 | connecting IP (if "reverse lookup" is enabled), and/or the IP of the given |
| 544 | hostname is matched against the connecting IP (if "forward lookup" is |
| 545 | enabled, as it is by default). Any match will be allowed in. |
| 546 | )) |
| 547 | |
| 548 | Note IPv6 link-local addresses can have a scope in the address specification: |
| 549 | |
| 550 | quote( |
| 551 | tt( fe80::1%link1)nl() |
| 552 | tt( fe80::%link1/64)nl() |
| 553 | tt( fe80::%link1/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::)nl() |
| 554 | ) |
| 555 | |
| 556 | You can also combine "hosts allow" with a separate "hosts deny" |
| 557 | parameter. If both parameters are specified then the "hosts allow" parameter is |
| 558 | checked first and a match results in the client being able to |
| 559 | connect. The "hosts deny" parameter is then checked and a match means |
| 560 | that the host is rejected. If the host does not match either the |
| 561 | "hosts allow" or the "hosts deny" patterns then it is allowed to |
| 562 | connect. |
| 563 | |
| 564 | The default is no "hosts allow" parameter, which means all hosts can connect. |
| 565 | |
| 566 | dit(bf(hosts deny)) This parameter allows you to specify a |
| 567 | list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients |
| 568 | hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is |
| 569 | rejected. See the "hosts allow" parameter for more information. |
| 570 | |
| 571 | The default is no "hosts deny" parameter, which means all hosts can connect. |
| 572 | |
| 573 | dit(bf(reverse lookup)) Controls whether the daemon performs a reverse lookup |
| 574 | on the client's IP address to determine its hostname, which is used for |
| 575 | "hosts allow"/"hosts deny" checks and the "%h" log escape. This is enabled by |
| 576 | default, but you may wish to disable it to save time if you know the lookup will |
| 577 | not return a useful result, in which case the daemon will use the name |
| 578 | "UNDETERMINED" instead. |
| 579 | |
| 580 | If this parameter is enabled globally (even by default), rsync performs the |
| 581 | lookup as soon as a client connects, so disabling it for a module will not |
| 582 | avoid the lookup. Thus, you probably want to disable it globally and then |
| 583 | enable it for modules that need the information. |
| 584 | |
| 585 | dit(bf(forward lookup)) Controls whether the daemon performs a forward lookup |
| 586 | on any hostname specified in an hosts allow/deny setting. By default this is |
| 587 | enabled, allowing the use of an explicit hostname that would not be returned |
| 588 | by reverse DNS of the connecting IP. |
| 589 | |
| 590 | dit(bf(ignore errors)) This parameter tells rsyncd to |
| 591 | ignore I/O errors on the daemon when deciding whether to run the delete |
| 592 | phase of the transfer. Normally rsync skips the bf(--delete) step if any |
| 593 | I/O errors have occurred in order to prevent disastrous deletion due |
| 594 | to a temporary resource shortage or other I/O error. In some cases this |
| 595 | test is counter productive so you can use this parameter to turn off this |
| 596 | behavior. |
| 597 | |
| 598 | dit(bf(ignore nonreadable)) This tells the rsync daemon to completely |
| 599 | ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for |
| 600 | public archives that may have some non-readable files among the |
| 601 | directories, and the sysadmin doesn't want those files to be seen at all. |
| 602 | |
| 603 | dit(bf(transfer logging)) This parameter enables per-file |
| 604 | logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that |
| 605 | used by ftp daemons. The daemon always logs the transfer at the end, so |
| 606 | if a transfer is aborted, no mention will be made in the log file. |
| 607 | |
| 608 | If you want to customize the log lines, see the "log format" parameter. |
| 609 | |
| 610 | dit(bf(log format)) This parameter allows you to specify the |
| 611 | format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is enabled. |
| 612 | The format is a text string containing embedded single-character escape |
| 613 | sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. An optional numeric |
| 614 | field width may also be specified between the percent and the escape |
| 615 | letter (e.g. "bf(%-50n %8l %07p)"). |
| 616 | In addition, one or more apostrophes may be specified prior to a numerical |
| 617 | escape to indicate that the numerical value should be made more human-readable. |
| 618 | The 3 supported levels are the same as for the bf(--human-readable) |
| 619 | command-line option, though the default is for human-readability to be off. |
| 620 | Each added apostrophe increases the level (e.g. "bf(%''l %'b %f)"). |
| 621 | |
| 622 | The default log format is "%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l", and a "%t [%p] " |
| 623 | is always prefixed when using the "log file" parameter. |
| 624 | (A perl script that will summarize this default log format is included |
| 625 | in the rsync source code distribution in the "support" subdirectory: |
| 626 | rsyncstats.) |
| 627 | |
| 628 | The single-character escapes that are understood are as follows: |
| 629 | |
| 630 | quote(itemization( |
| 631 | it() %a the remote IP address |
| 632 | it() %b the number of bytes actually transferred |
| 633 | it() %B the permission bits of the file (e.g. rwxrwxrwt) |
| 634 | it() %c the total size of the block checksums received for the basis file (only when sending) |
| 635 | it() %C the full-file MD5 checksum if bf(--checksum) is enabled or a file was transferred (only for protocol 30 or above). |
| 636 | it() %f the filename (long form on sender; no trailing "/") |
| 637 | it() %G the gid of the file (decimal) or "DEFAULT" |
| 638 | it() %h the remote host name |
| 639 | it() %i an itemized list of what is being updated |
| 640 | it() %l the length of the file in bytes |
| 641 | it() %L the string " -> SYMLINK", " => HARDLINK", or "" (where bf(SYMLINK) or bf(HARDLINK) is a filename) |
| 642 | it() %m the module name |
| 643 | it() %M the last-modified time of the file |
| 644 | it() %n the filename (short form; trailing "/" on dir) |
| 645 | it() %o the operation, which is "send", "recv", or "del." (the latter includes the trailing period) |
| 646 | it() %p the process ID of this rsync session |
| 647 | it() %P the module path |
| 648 | it() %t the current date time |
| 649 | it() %u the authenticated username or an empty string |
| 650 | it() %U the uid of the file (decimal) |
| 651 | )) |
| 652 | |
| 653 | For a list of what the characters mean that are output by "%i", see the |
| 654 | bf(--itemize-changes) option in the rsync manpage. |
| 655 | |
| 656 | Note that some of the logged output changes when talking with older |
| 657 | rsync versions. For instance, deleted files were only output as verbose |
| 658 | messages prior to rsync 2.6.4. |
| 659 | |
| 660 | dit(bf(timeout)) This parameter allows you to override the |
| 661 | clients choice for I/O timeout for this module. Using this parameter you |
| 662 | can ensure that rsync won't wait on a dead client forever. The timeout |
| 663 | is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the |
| 664 | default. A good choice for anonymous rsync daemons may be 600 (giving |
| 665 | a 10 minute timeout). |
| 666 | |
| 667 | dit(bf(refuse options)) This parameter allows you to |
| 668 | specify a space-separated list of rsync command line options that will |
| 669 | be refused by your rsync daemon. |
| 670 | You may specify the full option name, its one-letter abbreviation, or a |
| 671 | wild-card string that matches multiple options. |
| 672 | For example, this would refuse bf(--checksum) (bf(-c)) and all the various |
| 673 | delete options: |
| 674 | |
| 675 | quote(tt( refuse options = c delete)) |
| 676 | |
| 677 | The reason the above refuses all delete options is that the options imply |
| 678 | bf(--delete), and implied options are refused just like explicit options. |
| 679 | As an additional safety feature, the refusal of "delete" also refuses |
| 680 | bf(remove-source-files) when the daemon is the sender; if you want the latter |
| 681 | without the former, instead refuse "delete-*" -- that refuses all the |
| 682 | delete modes without affecting bf(--remove-source-files). |
| 683 | |
| 684 | When an option is refused, the daemon prints an error message and exits. |
| 685 | To prevent all compression when serving files, |
| 686 | you can use "dont compress = *" (see below) |
| 687 | instead of "refuse options = compress" to avoid returning an error to a |
| 688 | client that requests compression. |
| 689 | |
| 690 | dit(bf(dont compress)) This parameter allows you to select |
| 691 | filenames based on wildcard patterns that should not be compressed |
| 692 | when pulling files from the daemon (no analogous parameter exists to |
| 693 | govern the pushing of files to a daemon). |
| 694 | Compression is expensive in terms of CPU usage, so it |
| 695 | is usually good to not try to compress files that won't compress well, |
| 696 | such as already compressed files. |
| 697 | |
| 698 | The "dont compress" parameter takes a space-separated list of |
| 699 | case-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one |
| 700 | of the patterns will not be compressed during transfer. |
| 701 | |
| 702 | See the bf(--skip-compress) parameter in the bf(rsync)(1) manpage for the list |
| 703 | of file suffixes that are not compressed by default. Specifying a value |
| 704 | for the "dont compress" parameter changes the default when the daemon is |
| 705 | the sender. |
| 706 | |
| 707 | dit(bf(pre-xfer exec), bf(post-xfer exec)) You may specify a command to be run |
| 708 | before and/or after the transfer. If the bf(pre-xfer exec) command fails, the |
| 709 | transfer is aborted before it begins. |
| 710 | |
| 711 | The following environment variables will be set, though some are |
| 712 | specific to the pre-xfer or the post-xfer environment: |
| 713 | |
| 714 | quote(itemization( |
| 715 | it() bf(RSYNC_MODULE_NAME): The name of the module being accessed. |
| 716 | it() bf(RSYNC_MODULE_PATH): The path configured for the module. |
| 717 | it() bf(RSYNC_HOST_ADDR): The accessing host's IP address. |
| 718 | it() bf(RSYNC_HOST_NAME): The accessing host's name. |
| 719 | it() bf(RSYNC_USER_NAME): The accessing user's name (empty if no user). |
| 720 | it() bf(RSYNC_PID): A unique number for this transfer. |
| 721 | it() bf(RSYNC_REQUEST): (pre-xfer only) The module/path info specified |
| 722 | by the user (note that the user can specify multiple source files, |
| 723 | so the request can be something like "mod/path1 mod/path2", etc.). |
| 724 | it() bf(RSYNC_ARG#): (pre-xfer only) The pre-request arguments are set |
| 725 | in these numbered values. RSYNC_ARG0 is always "rsyncd", and the last |
| 726 | value contains a single period. |
| 727 | it() bf(RSYNC_EXIT_STATUS): (post-xfer only) the server side's exit value. |
| 728 | This will be 0 for a successful run, a positive value for an error that the |
| 729 | server generated, or a -1 if rsync failed to exit properly. Note that an |
| 730 | error that occurs on the client side does not currently get sent to the |
| 731 | server side, so this is not the final exit status for the whole transfer. |
| 732 | it() bf(RSYNC_RAW_STATUS): (post-xfer only) the raw exit value from code(waitpid()). |
| 733 | )) |
| 734 | |
| 735 | Even though the commands can be associated with a particular module, they |
| 736 | are run using the permissions of the user that started the daemon (not the |
| 737 | module's uid/gid setting) without any chroot restrictions. |
| 738 | |
| 739 | enddit() |
| 740 | |
| 741 | manpagesection(CONFIG DIRECTIVES) |
| 742 | |
| 743 | There are currently two config directives available that allow a config file to |
| 744 | incorporate the contents of other files: bf(&include) and bf(&merge). Both |
| 745 | allow a reference to either a file or a directory. They differ in how |
| 746 | segregated the file's contents are considered to be. |
| 747 | |
| 748 | The bf(&include) directive treats each file as more distinct, with each one |
| 749 | inheriting the defaults of the parent file, starting the parameter parsing |
| 750 | as globals/defaults, and leaving the defaults unchanged for the parsing of |
| 751 | the rest of the parent file. |
| 752 | |
| 753 | The bf(&merge) directive, on the other hand, treats the file's contents as |
| 754 | if it were simply inserted in place of the directive, and thus it can set |
| 755 | parameters in a module started in another file, can affect the defaults for |
| 756 | other files, etc. |
| 757 | |
| 758 | When an bf(&include) or bf(&merge) directive refers to a directory, it will read |
| 759 | in all the bf(*.conf) or bf(*.inc) files (respectively) that are contained inside |
| 760 | that directory (without any |
| 761 | recursive scanning), with the files sorted into alpha order. So, if you have a |
| 762 | directory named "rsyncd.d" with the files "foo.conf", "bar.conf", and |
| 763 | "baz.conf" inside it, this directive: |
| 764 | |
| 765 | verb( &include /path/rsyncd.d ) |
| 766 | |
| 767 | would be the same as this set of directives: |
| 768 | |
| 769 | verb( &include /path/rsyncd.d/bar.conf |
| 770 | &include /path/rsyncd.d/baz.conf |
| 771 | &include /path/rsyncd.d/foo.conf ) |
| 772 | |
| 773 | except that it adjusts as files are added and removed from the directory. |
| 774 | |
| 775 | The advantage of the bf(&include) directive is that you can define one or more |
| 776 | modules in a separate file without worrying about unintended side-effects |
| 777 | between the self-contained module files. |
| 778 | |
| 779 | The advantage of the bf(&merge) directive is that you can load config snippets |
| 780 | that can be included into multiple module definitions, and you can also set |
| 781 | global values that will affect connections (such as bf(motd file)), or globals |
| 782 | that will affect other include files. |
| 783 | |
| 784 | For example, this is a useful /etc/rsyncd.conf file: |
| 785 | |
| 786 | verb( port = 873 |
| 787 | log file = /var/log/rsync.log |
| 788 | pid file = /var/lock/rsync.lock |
| 789 | |
| 790 | &merge /etc/rsyncd.d |
| 791 | &include /etc/rsyncd.d ) |
| 792 | |
| 793 | This would merge any /etc/rsyncd.d/*.inc files (for global values that should |
| 794 | stay in effect), and then include any /etc/rsyncd.d/*.conf files (defining |
| 795 | modules without any global-value cross-talk). |
| 796 | |
| 797 | manpagesection(AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH) |
| 798 | |
| 799 | The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based |
| 800 | challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with |
| 801 | at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so |
| 802 | if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run |
| 803 | rsync over ssh. (Yes, a future version of rsync will switch over to a |
| 804 | stronger hashing method.) |
| 805 | |
| 806 | Also note that the rsync daemon protocol does not currently provide any |
| 807 | encryption of the data that is transferred over the connection. Only |
| 808 | authentication is provided. Use ssh as the transport if you want |
| 809 | encryption. |
| 810 | |
| 811 | Future versions of rsync may support SSL for better authentication and |
| 812 | encryption, but that is still being investigated. |
| 813 | |
| 814 | manpagesection(EXAMPLES) |
| 815 | |
| 816 | A simple rsyncd.conf file that allow anonymous rsync to a ftp area at |
| 817 | tt(/home/ftp) would be: |
| 818 | |
| 819 | verb( |
| 820 | [ftp] |
| 821 | path = /home/ftp |
| 822 | comment = ftp export area |
| 823 | ) |
| 824 | |
| 825 | A more sophisticated example would be: |
| 826 | |
| 827 | verb( |
| 828 | uid = nobody |
| 829 | gid = nobody |
| 830 | use chroot = yes |
| 831 | max connections = 4 |
| 832 | syslog facility = local5 |
| 833 | pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid |
| 834 | |
| 835 | [ftp] |
| 836 | path = /var/ftp/./pub |
| 837 | comment = whole ftp area (approx 6.1 GB) |
| 838 | |
| 839 | [sambaftp] |
| 840 | path = /var/ftp/./pub/samba |
| 841 | comment = Samba ftp area (approx 300 MB) |
| 842 | |
| 843 | [rsyncftp] |
| 844 | path = /var/ftp/./pub/rsync |
| 845 | comment = rsync ftp area (approx 6 MB) |
| 846 | |
| 847 | [sambawww] |
| 848 | path = /public_html/samba |
| 849 | comment = Samba WWW pages (approx 240 MB) |
| 850 | |
| 851 | [cvs] |
| 852 | path = /data/cvs |
| 853 | comment = CVS repository (requires authentication) |
| 854 | auth users = tridge, susan |
| 855 | secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets |
| 856 | ) |
| 857 | |
| 858 | The /etc/rsyncd.secrets file would look something like this: |
| 859 | |
| 860 | quote( |
| 861 | tt(tridge:mypass)nl() |
| 862 | tt(susan:herpass)nl() |
| 863 | ) |
| 864 | |
| 865 | manpagefiles() |
| 866 | |
| 867 | /etc/rsyncd.conf or rsyncd.conf |
| 868 | |
| 869 | manpageseealso() |
| 870 | |
| 871 | bf(rsync)(1) |
| 872 | |
| 873 | manpagediagnostics() |
| 874 | |
| 875 | manpagebugs() |
| 876 | |
| 877 | Please report bugs! The rsync bug tracking system is online at |
| 878 | url(http://rsync.samba.org/)(http://rsync.samba.org/) |
| 879 | |
| 880 | manpagesection(VERSION) |
| 881 | |
| 882 | This man page is current for version 3.0.3 of rsync. |
| 883 | |
| 884 | manpagesection(CREDITS) |
| 885 | |
| 886 | rsync is distributed under the GNU public license. See the file |
| 887 | COPYING for details. |
| 888 | |
| 889 | The primary ftp site for rsync is |
| 890 | url(ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync)(ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync). |
| 891 | |
| 892 | A WEB site is available at |
| 893 | url(http://rsync.samba.org/)(http://rsync.samba.org/) |
| 894 | |
| 895 | We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program. |
| 896 | |
| 897 | This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean-loup |
| 898 | Gailly and Mark Adler. |
| 899 | |
| 900 | manpagesection(THANKS) |
| 901 | |
| 902 | Thanks to Warren Stanley for his original idea and patch for the rsync |
| 903 | daemon. Thanks to Karsten Thygesen for his many suggestions and |
| 904 | documentation! |
| 905 | |
| 906 | manpageauthor() |
| 907 | |
| 908 | rsync was written by Andrew Tridgell and Paul Mackerras. |
| 909 | Many people have later contributed to it. |
| 910 | |
| 911 | Mailing lists for support and development are available at |
| 912 | url(http://lists.samba.org)(lists.samba.org) |