| 1 | mailto(rsync-bugs@samba.org) |
| 2 | manpage(rsyncd.conf)(5)(12 Feb 1999)()() |
| 3 | manpagename(rsyncd.conf)(configuration file for rsync server) |
| 4 | manpagesynopsis() |
| 5 | |
| 6 | rsyncd.conf |
| 7 | |
| 8 | manpagedescription() |
| 9 | |
| 10 | The rsyncd.conf file is the runtime configuration file for rsync when |
| 11 | run with the --daemon option. When run in this way rsync becomes a |
| 12 | rsync server listening on TCP port 873. Connections from rsync clients |
| 13 | are accepted for either anonymous or authenticated rsync sessions. |
| 14 | |
| 15 | The rsyncd.conf file controls authentication, access, logging and |
| 16 | available modules. |
| 17 | |
| 18 | manpagesection(FILE FORMAT) |
| 19 | |
| 20 | The file consists of modules and parameters. A module begins with the |
| 21 | name of the module in square brackets and continues until the next |
| 22 | module begins. Modules contain parameters of the form 'name = value'. |
| 23 | |
| 24 | The file is line-based - that is, each newline-terminated line represents |
| 25 | either a comment, a module name or a parameter. |
| 26 | |
| 27 | Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before |
| 28 | or after the first equals sign is discarded. Leading, trailing and internal |
| 29 | whitespace in module and parameter names is irrelevant. Leading and |
| 30 | trailing whitespace in a parameter value is discarded. Internal whitespace |
| 31 | within a parameter value is retained verbatim. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | Any line beginning with a hash (#) is ignored, as are lines containing |
| 34 | only whitespace. |
| 35 | |
| 36 | Any line ending in a \ is "continued" on the next line in the |
| 37 | customary UNIX fashion. |
| 38 | |
| 39 | The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a string |
| 40 | (no quotes needed) or a boolean, which may be given as yes/no, 0/1 or |
| 41 | true/false. Case is not significant in boolean values, but is preserved |
| 42 | in string values. |
| 43 | |
| 44 | manpagesection(LAUNCHING THE RSYNC DAEMON) |
| 45 | |
| 46 | The rsync daemon is launched by specifying the --daemon option to |
| 47 | rsync. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | The daemon must run with root privileges if you wish to use chroot, to |
| 50 | bind to a port numbered under 1024 (as is the default 873), or to set |
| 51 | file ownership. Otherwise, it must just have permission to read and |
| 52 | write the appropriate data, log, and lock files. |
| 53 | |
| 54 | You can launch it either via inetd or as a stand-alone daemon. If run |
| 55 | as a daemon then just run the command "rsync --daemon" from a suitable |
| 56 | startup script. |
| 57 | |
| 58 | When run via inetd you should add a line like this to /etc/services: |
| 59 | |
| 60 | quote(rsync 873/tcp) |
| 61 | |
| 62 | and a single line something like this to /etc/inetd.conf: |
| 63 | |
| 64 | quote(rsync stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/rsync rsyncd --daemon) |
| 65 | |
| 66 | Replace "/usr/bin/rsync" with the path to where you have rsync installed on |
| 67 | your system. You will then need to send inetd a HUP signal to tell it to |
| 68 | reread its config file. |
| 69 | |
| 70 | Note that you should not send the rsync server a HUP signal to force |
| 71 | it to reread the tt(rsyncd.conf) file. The file is re-read on each client |
| 72 | connection. |
| 73 | |
| 74 | manpagesection(GLOBAL OPTIONS) |
| 75 | |
| 76 | The first parameters in the file (before a [module] header) are the |
| 77 | global parameters. |
| 78 | |
| 79 | You may also include any module parameters in the global part of the |
| 80 | config file in which case the supplied value will override the |
| 81 | default for that parameter. |
| 82 | |
| 83 | startdit() |
| 84 | dit(bf(motd file)) The "motd file" option allows you to specify a |
| 85 | "message of the day" to display to clients on each connect. This |
| 86 | usually contains site information and any legal notices. The default |
| 87 | is no motd file. |
| 88 | |
| 89 | dit(bf(log file)) The "log file" option tells the rsync daemon to log |
| 90 | messages to that file rather than using syslog. This is particularly |
| 91 | useful on systems (such as AIX) where syslog() doesn't work for |
| 92 | chrooted programs. |
| 93 | |
| 94 | dit(bf(pid file)) The "pid file" option tells the rsync daemon to write |
| 95 | its process id to that file. |
| 96 | |
| 97 | dit(bf(syslog facility)) The "syslog facility" option allows you to |
| 98 | specify the syslog facility name to use when logging messages from the |
| 99 | rsync server. You may use any standard syslog facility name which is |
| 100 | defined on your system. Common names are auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, |
| 101 | ftp, kern, lpr, mail, news, security, syslog, user, uucp, local0, |
| 102 | local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 and local7. The default |
| 103 | is daemon. |
| 104 | |
| 105 | dit(bf(socket options)) This option can provide endless fun for people |
| 106 | who like to tune their systems to the utmost degree. You can set all |
| 107 | sorts of socket options which may make transfers faster (or |
| 108 | slower!). Read the man page for the setsockopt() system call for |
| 109 | details on some of the options you may be able to set. By default no |
| 110 | special socket options are set. |
| 111 | |
| 112 | enddit() |
| 113 | |
| 114 | |
| 115 | manpagesection(MODULE OPTIONS) |
| 116 | |
| 117 | After the global options you should define a number of modules, each |
| 118 | module exports a directory tree as a symbolic name. Modules are |
| 119 | exported by specifying a module name in square brackets [module] |
| 120 | followed by the options for that module. |
| 121 | |
| 122 | startdit() |
| 123 | |
| 124 | dit(bf(comment)) The "comment" option specifies a description string |
| 125 | that is displayed next to the module name when clients obtain a list |
| 126 | of available modules. The default is no comment. |
| 127 | |
| 128 | dit(bf(path)) The "path" option specifies the directory in the servers |
| 129 | filesystem to make available in this module. You must specify this option |
| 130 | for each module in tt(rsyncd.conf). |
| 131 | |
| 132 | dit(bf(use chroot)) If "use chroot" is true, the rsync server will chroot |
| 133 | to the "path" before starting the file transfer with the client. This has |
| 134 | the advantage of extra protection against possible implementation security |
| 135 | holes, but it has the disadvantages of requiring super-user privileges, |
| 136 | of not being able to follow symbolic links outside of the new root path |
| 137 | when reading, and of implying the --numeric-ids option because /etc/passwd |
| 138 | becomes inaccessible. When "use chroot" is false, for security reasons |
| 139 | symlinks may only be relative paths pointing to other files within the root |
| 140 | path, and leading slashes are removed from absolute paths. The default for |
| 141 | "use chroot" is true. |
| 142 | |
| 143 | dit(bf(max connections)) The "max connections" option allows you to |
| 144 | specify the maximum number of simultaneous connections you will allow. |
| 145 | Any clients connecting when the maximum has been reached will receive a |
| 146 | message telling them to try later. The default is 0 which means no limit. |
| 147 | See also the "lock file" option. |
| 148 | |
| 149 | dit(bf(lock file)) The "lock file" option specifies the file to use to |
| 150 | support the "max connections" option. The rsync server uses record |
| 151 | locking on this file to ensure that the max connections limit is not |
| 152 | exceeded for the modules sharing the lock file. |
| 153 | The default is tt(/var/run/rsyncd.lock). |
| 154 | |
| 155 | dit(bf(read only)) The "read only" option determines whether clients |
| 156 | will be able to upload files or not. If "read only" is true then any |
| 157 | attempted uploads will fail. If "read only" is false then uploads will |
| 158 | be possible if file permissions on the server allow them. The default |
| 159 | is for all modules to be read only. |
| 160 | |
| 161 | dit(bf(list)) The "list" option determines if this module should be |
| 162 | listed when the client asks for a listing of available modules. By |
| 163 | setting this to false you can create hidden modules. The default is |
| 164 | for modules to be listable. |
| 165 | |
| 166 | dit(bf(uid)) The "uid" option specifies the user name or user id that |
| 167 | file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon |
| 168 | was run as root. In combination with the "gid" option this determines what |
| 169 | file permissions are available. The default is uid -2, which is normally |
| 170 | the user "nobody". |
| 171 | |
| 172 | dit(bf(gid)) The "gid" option specifies the group name or group id that |
| 173 | file transfers to and from that module should take place as when the daemon |
| 174 | was run as root. This complements the "uid" option. The default is gid -2, |
| 175 | which is normally the group "nobody". |
| 176 | |
| 177 | dit(bf(exclude)) The "exclude" option allows you to specify a space |
| 178 | separated list of patterns to add to the exclude list. This is equivalent |
| 179 | to the client specifying these patterns with the --exclude option, except |
| 180 | that the exclude list is not passed to the client and thus only applies on |
| 181 | the server: that is, it excludes files received by a client when receiving |
| 182 | from a server and files deleted on a server when sending to a server, but |
| 183 | it doesn't exclude files sent from a client when sending to a server or |
| 184 | files deleted on a client when receiving from a server. |
| 185 | Only one "exclude" option may be specified, but |
| 186 | you can use "-" and "+" before patterns to specify exclude/include. |
| 187 | |
| 188 | Note that this option is not designed with strong security in |
| 189 | mind, it is quite possible that a client may find a way to bypass this |
| 190 | exclude list. If you want to absolutely ensure that certain files |
| 191 | cannot be accessed then use the uid/gid options in combination with |
| 192 | file permissions. |
| 193 | |
| 194 | dit(bf(exclude from)) The "exclude from" option specifies a filename |
| 195 | on the server that contains exclude patterns, one per line. This is |
| 196 | equivalent to the client specifying the --exclude-from option with a |
| 197 | equivalent file except that it applies only on the server. See also |
| 198 | the "exclude" option above. |
| 199 | |
| 200 | dit(bf(include)) The "include" option allows you to specify a space |
| 201 | separated list of patterns which rsync should not exclude. This is |
| 202 | equivalent to the client specifying these patterns with the --include |
| 203 | option except that it applies only on the server. This is useful as it |
| 204 | allows you to build up quite complex exclude/include rules. Only one |
| 205 | "include" option may be specified, but you can use "+" and "-" before |
| 206 | patterns to switch include/exclude. See also the "exclude" option above. |
| 207 | |
| 208 | dit(bf(include from)) The "include from" option specifies a filename |
| 209 | on the server that contains include patterns, one per line. This is |
| 210 | equivalent to the client specifying the --include-from option with a |
| 211 | equivalent file except that it applies only on the server. See also |
| 212 | the "exclude" option above. |
| 213 | |
| 214 | dit(bf(auth users)) The "auth users" option specifies a comma and |
| 215 | space separated list of usernames that will be allowed to connect to |
| 216 | this module. The usernames do not need to exist on the local |
| 217 | system. The usernames may also contain shell wildcard characters. If |
| 218 | "auth users" is set then the client will be challenged to supply a |
| 219 | username and password to connect to the module. A challenge response |
| 220 | authentication protocol is used for this exchange. The plain text |
| 221 | usernames are passwords are stored in the file specified by the |
| 222 | "secrets file" option. The default is for all users to be able to |
| 223 | connect without a password (this is called "anonymous rsync"). |
| 224 | |
| 225 | See also the bf(CONNECTING TO AN RSYNC SERVER OVER A REMOTE SHELL |
| 226 | PROGRAM) section in rsync(1) for information on how handle an |
| 227 | rsyncd.conf-level username that differs from the remote-shell-level |
| 228 | username when using a remote shell to connect to a rsync server. |
| 229 | |
| 230 | dit(bf(secrets file)) The "secrets file" option specifies the name of |
| 231 | a file that contains the username:password pairs used for |
| 232 | authenticating this module. This file is only consulted if the "auth |
| 233 | users" option is specified. The file is line based and contains |
| 234 | username:password pairs separated by a single colon. Any line starting |
| 235 | with a hash (#) is considered a comment and is skipped. The passwords |
| 236 | can contain any characters but be warned that many operating systems |
| 237 | limit the length of passwords that can be typed at the client end, so |
| 238 | you may find that passwords longer than 8 characters don't work. |
| 239 | |
| 240 | There is no default for the "secrets file" option, you must choose a name |
| 241 | (such as tt(/etc/rsyncd.secrets)). The file must normally not be readable |
| 242 | by "other"; see "strict modes". |
| 243 | |
| 244 | dit(bf(strict modes)) The "strict modes" option determines whether or not |
| 245 | the permissions on the secrets file will be checked. If "strict modes" is |
| 246 | true, then the secrets file must not be readable by any user id other |
| 247 | than the one that the rsync daemon is running under. If "strict modes" is |
| 248 | false, the check is not performed. The default is true. This option |
| 249 | was added to accommodate rsync running on the Windows operating system. |
| 250 | |
| 251 | dit(bf(hosts allow)) The "hosts allow" option allows you to specify a |
| 252 | list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients |
| 253 | hostname and IP address. If none of the patterns match then the |
| 254 | connection is rejected. |
| 255 | |
| 256 | Each pattern can be in one of five forms: |
| 257 | |
| 258 | itemize( |
| 259 | it() a dotted decimal IP address of the form a.b.c.d for IPv4 and |
| 260 | a.b.c.d.e.f for IPv6. In this case the incoming machine's IP address |
| 261 | must match exactly. |
| 262 | |
| 263 | it() a address/mask in the form ipaddr/n where ipaddr is the IP |
| 264 | address in dotted decimal notation and n is the number of one bits in |
| 265 | the netmask. All IP addresses which match the masked IP address will |
| 266 | be allowed in. |
| 267 | |
| 268 | it() a address/mask in the form ipaddr/maskaddr where ipaddr is the |
| 269 | IP address in dotted decimal notation and maskaddr is the netmask in |
| 270 | dotted decimal notation. All IP addresses which match the masked IP |
| 271 | address will be allowed in. |
| 272 | |
| 273 | it() a hostname. The hostname as determined by a reverse lookup will |
| 274 | be matched (case insensitive) against the pattern. Only an exact |
| 275 | match is allowed in. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | it() a hostname pattern using wildcards. These are matched using the |
| 278 | same rules as normal unix filename matching. If the pattern matches |
| 279 | then the client is allowed in. |
| 280 | ) |
| 281 | |
| 282 | You can also combine "hosts allow" with a separate "hosts deny" |
| 283 | option. If both options are specified then the "hosts allow" option s |
| 284 | checked first and a match results in the client being able to |
| 285 | connect. The "hosts deny" option is then checked and a match means |
| 286 | that the host is rejected. If the host does not match either the |
| 287 | "hosts allow" or the "hosts deny" patterns then it is allowed to |
| 288 | connect. |
| 289 | |
| 290 | The default is no "hosts allow" option, which means all hosts can connect. |
| 291 | |
| 292 | dit(bf(hosts deny)) The "hosts deny" option allows you to specify a |
| 293 | list of patterns that are matched against a connecting clients |
| 294 | hostname and IP address. If the pattern matches then the connection is |
| 295 | rejected. See the "hosts allow" option for more information. |
| 296 | |
| 297 | The default is no "hosts deny" option, which means all hosts can connect. |
| 298 | |
| 299 | dit(bf(ignore errors)) The "ignore errors" option tells rsyncd to |
| 300 | ignore IO errors on the server when deciding whether to run the delete |
| 301 | phase of the transfer. Normally rsync skips the --delete step if any |
| 302 | IO errors have occurred in order to prevent disasterous deletion due |
| 303 | to a temporary resource shortage or other IO error. In some cases this |
| 304 | test is counter productive so you can use this option to turn off this |
| 305 | behaviour. |
| 306 | |
| 307 | dit(bf(ignore nonreadable)) This tells the rsync server to completely |
| 308 | ignore files that are not readable by the user. This is useful for |
| 309 | public archives that may have some non-readable files among the |
| 310 | directories, and the sysadmin doesn't want those files to be seen at all. |
| 311 | |
| 312 | dit(bf(transfer logging)) The "transfer logging" option enables per-file |
| 313 | logging of downloads and uploads in a format somewhat similar to that |
| 314 | used by ftp daemons. If you want to customize the log formats look at |
| 315 | the log format option. |
| 316 | |
| 317 | dit(bf(log format)) The "log format" option allows you to specify the |
| 318 | format used for logging file transfers when transfer logging is |
| 319 | enabled. The format is a text string containing embedded single |
| 320 | character escape sequences prefixed with a percent (%) character. |
| 321 | |
| 322 | The prefixes that are understood are: |
| 323 | |
| 324 | itemize( |
| 325 | it() %h for the remote host name |
| 326 | it() %a for the remote IP address |
| 327 | it() %l for the length of the file in bytes |
| 328 | it() %p for the process id of this rsync session |
| 329 | it() %o for the operation, which is either "send" or "recv" |
| 330 | it() %f for the filename |
| 331 | it() %P for the module path |
| 332 | it() %m for the module name |
| 333 | it() %t for the current date time |
| 334 | it() %u for the authenticated username (or the null string) |
| 335 | it() %b for the number of bytes actually transferred |
| 336 | it() %c when sending files this gives the number of checksum bytes |
| 337 | received for this file |
| 338 | ) |
| 339 | |
| 340 | The default log format is "%o %h [%a] %m (%u) %f %l", and a "%t [%p] " |
| 341 | is always added to the beginning when using the "log file" option. |
| 342 | |
| 343 | A perl script called rsyncstats to summarize this format is included |
| 344 | in the rsync source code distribution. |
| 345 | |
| 346 | dit(bf(timeout)) The "timeout" option allows you to override the |
| 347 | clients choice for IO timeout for this module. Using this option you |
| 348 | can ensure that rsync won't wait on a dead client forever. The timeout |
| 349 | is specified in seconds. A value of zero means no timeout and is the |
| 350 | default. A good choice for anonymous rsync servers may be 600 (giving |
| 351 | a 10 minute timeout). |
| 352 | |
| 353 | dit(bf(refuse options)) The "refuse options" option allows you to |
| 354 | specify a space separated list of rsync command line options that will |
| 355 | be refused by your rsync server. The full names of the options must be |
| 356 | used (i.e., you must use "checksum" not "c" to disable checksumming). |
| 357 | When an option is refused, the server prints an error message and exits. |
| 358 | To prevent all compression, you can use "dont compress = *" (see below) |
| 359 | instead of "refuse options = compress" to avoid returning an error to a |
| 360 | client that requests compression. |
| 361 | |
| 362 | dit(bf(dont compress)) The "dont compress" option allows you to select |
| 363 | filenames based on wildcard patterns that should not be compressed |
| 364 | during transfer. Compression is expensive in terms of CPU usage so it |
| 365 | is usually good to not try to compress files that won't compress well, |
| 366 | such as already compressed files. |
| 367 | |
| 368 | The "dont compress" option takes a space separated list of |
| 369 | case-insensitive wildcard patterns. Any source filename matching one |
| 370 | of the patterns will not be compressed during transfer. |
| 371 | |
| 372 | The default setting is verb(*.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.rpm *.deb *.iso *.bz2 *.tbz) |
| 373 | |
| 374 | enddit() |
| 375 | |
| 376 | manpagesection(AUTHENTICATION STRENGTH) |
| 377 | |
| 378 | The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based |
| 379 | challenge response system. Although I believe that no one has ever |
| 380 | demonstrated a brute-force break of this sort of system you should |
| 381 | realize that this is not a "military strength" authentication system. |
| 382 | It should be good enough for most purposes but if you want really top |
| 383 | quality security then I recommend that you run rsync over ssh. |
| 384 | |
| 385 | Also note that the rsync server protocol does not currently provide any |
| 386 | encryption of the data that is transferred over the link. Only |
| 387 | authentication is provided. Use ssh as the transport if you want |
| 388 | encryption. |
| 389 | |
| 390 | Future versions of rsync may support SSL for better authentication and |
| 391 | encryption, but that is still being investigated. |
| 392 | |
| 393 | manpagesection(EXAMPLES) |
| 394 | |
| 395 | A simple rsyncd.conf file that allow anonymous rsync to a ftp area at |
| 396 | tt(/home/ftp) would be: |
| 397 | |
| 398 | verb( |
| 399 | [ftp] |
| 400 | path = /home/ftp |
| 401 | comment = ftp export area |
| 402 | ) |
| 403 | |
| 404 | |
| 405 | A more sophisticated example would be: |
| 406 | |
| 407 | uid = nobody nl() |
| 408 | gid = nobody nl() |
| 409 | use chroot = no nl() |
| 410 | max connections = 4 nl() |
| 411 | syslog facility = local5 nl() |
| 412 | pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid |
| 413 | |
| 414 | verb([ftp] |
| 415 | path = /var/ftp/pub |
| 416 | comment = whole ftp area (approx 6.1 GB) |
| 417 | |
| 418 | [sambaftp] |
| 419 | path = /var/ftp/pub/samba |
| 420 | comment = Samba ftp area (approx 300 MB) |
| 421 | |
| 422 | [rsyncftp] |
| 423 | path = /var/ftp/pub/rsync |
| 424 | comment = rsync ftp area (approx 6 MB) |
| 425 | |
| 426 | [sambawww] |
| 427 | path = /public_html/samba |
| 428 | comment = Samba WWW pages (approx 240 MB) |
| 429 | |
| 430 | [cvs] |
| 431 | path = /data/cvs |
| 432 | comment = CVS repository (requires authentication) |
| 433 | auth users = tridge, susan |
| 434 | secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets |
| 435 | ) |
| 436 | |
| 437 | The /etc/rsyncd.secrets file would look something like this: |
| 438 | |
| 439 | tridge:mypass nl() |
| 440 | susan:herpass |
| 441 | |
| 442 | manpagefiles() |
| 443 | |
| 444 | /etc/rsyncd.conf or rsyncd.conf |
| 445 | |
| 446 | manpageseealso() |
| 447 | |
| 448 | rsync(1) |
| 449 | |
| 450 | manpagediagnostics() |
| 451 | |
| 452 | manpagebugs() |
| 453 | |
| 454 | The rsync server does not send all types of error messages to the |
| 455 | client. this means a client may be mystified as to why a transfer |
| 456 | failed. The error will have been logged by syslog on the server. |
| 457 | |
| 458 | Please report bugs! The rsync bug tracking system is online at |
| 459 | url(http://rsync.samba.org/)(http://rsync.samba.org/) |
| 460 | |
| 461 | manpagesection(VERSION) |
| 462 | This man page is current for version 2.0 of rsync |
| 463 | |
| 464 | manpagesection(CREDITS) |
| 465 | |
| 466 | rsync is distributed under the GNU public license. See the file |
| 467 | COPYING for details. |
| 468 | |
| 469 | The primary ftp site for rsync is |
| 470 | url(ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync)(ftp://rsync.samba.org/pub/rsync). |
| 471 | |
| 472 | A WEB site is available at |
| 473 | url(http://rsync.samba.org/)(http://rsync.samba.org/) |
| 474 | |
| 475 | We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program. |
| 476 | |
| 477 | This program uses the zlib compression library written by Jean-loup |
| 478 | Gailly and Mark Adler. |
| 479 | |
| 480 | manpagesection(THANKS) |
| 481 | |
| 482 | Thanks to Warren Stanley for his original idea and patch for the rsync |
| 483 | server. Thanks to Karsten Thygesen for his many suggestions and |
| 484 | documentation! |
| 485 | |
| 486 | manpageauthor() |
| 487 | |
| 488 | rsync was written by Andrew Tridgell and Paul Mackerras. They may be |
| 489 | contacted via email at tridge@samba.org and |
| 490 | Paul.Mackerras@cs.anu.edu.au |
| 491 | |