--- /dev/null
+/*
+* Matt McCutchen's Big Integer Library
+* http://mysite.verizon.net/mccutchen/bigint/
+*/
+
+#include "BigIntegerUtils.hh"
+#include "BigUnsignedInABase.hh"
+
+/*
+* This file includes:
+* (1) `std::string <=> BigUnsigned/BigInteger' conversion routines easier than `BigUnsignedInABase'
+* (2) << and >> operators for BigUnsigned/BigInteger, std::istream/std::ostream
+*/
+
+std::string easyBUtoString(const BigUnsigned &x) {
+ return std::string(BigUnsignedInABase(x, 10));
+}
+
+std::string easyBItoString(const BigInteger &x) {
+ return (x.getSign() == BigInteger::negative) ?
+ (std::string("-") + easyBUtoString(x)) : (easyBUtoString(x));
+}
+
+BigUnsigned easyStringToBU(const std::string &s) {
+ return BigUnsigned(BigUnsignedInABase(s, 10));
+}
+
+BigInteger easyStringToBI(const std::string &s) {
+ return (s[0] == '-') ?
+ BigInteger(easyStringToBU(s.substr(1, s.length() - 1)), BigInteger::negative) :
+ BigInteger(easyStringToBU(s));
+}
+
+// Outputs x to os, obeying the flags `dec', `hex', `bin', and `showbase'.
+std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &os, const BigUnsigned &x) {
+ BigUnsignedInABase::Base base;
+ long osFlags = os.flags();
+ if (osFlags & os.dec)
+ base = 10;
+ else if (osFlags & os.hex) {
+ base = 16;
+ if (osFlags & os.showbase)
+ os << "0x";
+ } else if (osFlags & os.oct) {
+ base = 8;
+ if (osFlags & os.showbase)
+ os << '0';
+ } else
+ throw "std::ostream << BigUnsigned: Could not determine the desired base from output-stream flags";
+ std::string s = std::string(BigUnsignedInABase(x, base));
+ os << s;
+ return os;
+}
+// Outputs x to os, obeying the flags `dec', `hex', `bin', and `showbase'.
+// My somewhat arbitrary policy: a negative sign comes before a base indicator (like -0xFF).
+std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &os, const BigInteger &x) {
+ if (x.getSign() == BigInteger::negative)
+ os << '-';
+ os << (const BigUnsigned &)(x);
+ return os;
+}