A protocol 31 daemon will inform the client about its timeout setting

[rsync/rsync.git] / io.c

/*
 * Socket and pipe I/O utilities used in rsync.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1996-2001 Andrew Tridgell
 * Copyright (C) 1996 Paul Mackerras
 * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Martin Pool <mbp@samba.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2009 Wayne Davison
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, visit the http://fsf.org website.
 */

/* Rsync provides its own multiplexing system, which is used to send
 * stderr and stdout over a single socket.
 *
 * For historical reasons this is off during the start of the
 * connection, but it's switched on quite early using
 * io_start_multiplex_out() and io_start_multiplex_in(). */

#include "rsync.h"
#include "ifuncs.h"
#include "inums.h"

/** If no timeout is specified then use a 60 second select timeout */
#define SELECT_TIMEOUT 60

extern int bwlimit;
extern size_t bwlimit_writemax;
extern int io_timeout;
extern int am_server;
extern int am_daemon;
extern int am_sender;
extern int am_generator;
extern int msgs2stderr;
extern int inc_recurse;
extern int io_error;
extern int eol_nulls;
extern int flist_eof;
extern int file_total;
extern int file_old_total;
extern int list_only;
extern int read_batch;
extern int protect_args;
extern int checksum_seed;
extern int protocol_version;
extern int remove_source_files;
extern int preserve_hard_links;
extern BOOL extra_flist_sending_enabled;
extern struct stats stats;
extern struct file_list *cur_flist;
#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
extern int filesfrom_convert;
extern iconv_t ic_send, ic_recv;
#endif

int csum_length = SHORT_SUM_LENGTH; /* initial value */
int allowed_lull = 0;
int ignore_timeout = 0;
int batch_fd = -1;
int msgdone_cnt = 0;
int forward_flist_data = 0;

/* Ignore an EOF error if non-zero. See whine_about_eof(). */
int kluge_around_eof = 0;

int sock_f_in = -1;
int sock_f_out = -1;

static struct {
	xbuf in, out, msg;
	int in_fd;
	int out_fd; /* Both "out" and "msg" go to this fd. */
	BOOL in_multiplexed;
	unsigned out_empty_len;
	size_t raw_data_header_pos;      /* in the out xbuf */
	size_t raw_flushing_ends_before; /* in the out xbuf */
	size_t raw_input_ends_before;    /* in the in xbuf */
} iobuf = { .in_fd = -1, .out_fd = -1 };

static time_t last_io_in;
static time_t last_io_out;

static int write_batch_monitor_in = -1;
static int write_batch_monitor_out = -1;

static int ff_forward_fd = -1;
static char ff_lastchar;
#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
static xbuf iconv_buf = EMPTY_XBUF;
#endif
static int select_timeout = SELECT_TIMEOUT;
static int active_filecnt = 0;
static OFF_T active_bytecnt = 0;
static int first_message = 1;

static char int_byte_extra[64] = {
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* (00 - 3F)/4 */
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* (40 - 7F)/4 */
	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* (80 - BF)/4 */
	2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, /* (C0 - FF)/4 */
};

#define IN_MULTIPLEXED (iobuf.in_multiplexed)
#define OUT_MULTIPLEXED (iobuf.out_empty_len != 0)

#define PIO_NEED_INPUT (1<<0) /* The *_NEED_* flags are mutually exclusive. */
#define PIO_NEED_OUTROOM (1<<1)
#define PIO_NEED_MSGROOM (1<<2)

#define PIO_CONSUME_INPUT (1<<4) /* Must becombined with PIO_NEED_INPUT. */

#define PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME (PIO_NEED_INPUT | PIO_CONSUME_INPUT)
#define PIO_NEED_FLAGS (PIO_NEED_INPUT | PIO_NEED_OUTROOM | PIO_NEED_MSGROOM)

#define REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR "rsync: on remote machine: -"
#define REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR2 ": unknown option"

#define FILESFROM_BUFLEN 2048

enum festatus { FES_SUCCESS, FES_REDO, FES_NO_SEND };

static flist_ndx_list redo_list, hlink_list;

static void sleep_for_bwlimit(int bytes_written);

static void check_timeout(void)
{
	time_t t;

	if (!io_timeout || ignore_timeout)
		return;

	if (!last_io_in) {
		last_io_in = time(NULL);
		return;
	}

	t = time(NULL);

	if (t - last_io_in >= io_timeout) {
		if (!am_server && !am_daemon) {
			rprintf(FERROR, "io timeout after %d seconds -- exiting\n",
				(int)(t-last_io_in));
		}
		exit_cleanup(RERR_TIMEOUT);
	}
}

/* It's almost always an error to get an EOF when we're trying to read from the
 * network, because the protocol is (for the most part) self-terminating.
 *
 * There is one case for the receiver when it is at the end of the transfer
 * (hanging around reading any keep-alive packets that might come its way): if
 * the sender dies before the generator's kill-signal comes through, we can end
 * up here needing to loop until the kill-signal arrives.  In this situation,
 * kluge_around_eof will be < 0.
 *
 * There is another case for older protocol versions (< 24) where the module
 * listing was not terminated, so we must ignore an EOF error in that case and
 * exit.  In this situation, kluge_around_eof will be > 0. */
static NORETURN void whine_about_eof(int fd)
{
	if (kluge_around_eof && fd == sock_f_in) {
		int i;
		if (kluge_around_eof > 0)
			exit_cleanup(0);
		/* If we're still here after 10 seconds, exit with an error. */
		for (i = 10*1000/20; i--; )
			msleep(20);
	}

	rprintf(FERROR, RSYNC_NAME ": connection unexpectedly closed "
		"(%s bytes received so far) [%s]\n",
		big_num(stats.total_read), who_am_i());

	exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
}

/* Do a safe read, handling any needed looping and error handling.
 * Returns the count of the bytes read, which will only be different
 * from "len" if we encountered an EOF.  This routine is not used on
 * the socket except very early in the transfer. */
static size_t safe_read(int fd, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	size_t got;
	int n;

	assert(fd != iobuf.in_fd);

	n = read(fd, buf, len);
	if ((size_t)n == len || n == 0) {
		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] safe_read(%d)=%ld\n", who_am_i(), fd, (long)n);
		return n;
	}
	if (n < 0) {
		if (errno != EINTR && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN) {
		  read_failed:
			rsyserr(FERROR, errno, "safe_read failed to read %ld bytes [%s]",
				(long)len, who_am_i());
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
		got = 0;
	} else
		got = n;

	while (1) {
		struct timeval tv;
		fd_set r_fds, e_fds;
		int cnt;

		FD_ZERO(&r_fds);
		FD_SET(fd, &r_fds);
		FD_ZERO(&e_fds);
		FD_SET(fd, &e_fds);
		tv.tv_sec = select_timeout;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;

		cnt = select(fd+1, &r_fds, NULL, &e_fds, &tv);
		if (cnt <= 0) {
			if (cnt < 0 && errno == EBADF) {
				rsyserr(FERROR, errno, "safe_read select failed [%s]",
					who_am_i());
				exit_cleanup(RERR_FILEIO);
			}
			check_timeout();
			continue;
		}

		/*if (FD_ISSET(fd, &e_fds))
			rprintf(FINFO, "select exception on fd %d\n", fd); */

		if (FD_ISSET(fd, &r_fds)) {
			n = read(fd, buf + got, len - got);
			if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
				rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] safe_read(%d)=%ld\n", who_am_i(), fd, (long)n);
			if (n == 0)
				break;
			if (n < 0) {
				if (errno == EINTR)
					continue;
				goto read_failed;
			}
			if ((got += (size_t)n) == len)
				break;
		}
	}

	return got;
}

static const char *what_fd_is(int fd)
{
	static char buf[20];

	if (fd == sock_f_out)
		return "socket";
	else if (fd == iobuf.out_fd)
		return "message fd";
	else if (fd == batch_fd)
		return "batch file";
	else {
		snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "fd %d", fd);
		return buf;
	}
}

/* Do a safe write, handling any needed looping and error handling.
 * Returns only if everything was successfully written.  This routine
 * is not used on the socket except very early in the transfer. */
static void safe_write(int fd, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
	int n;

	assert(fd != iobuf.out_fd);

	n = write(fd, buf, len);
	if ((size_t)n == len)
		return;
	if (n < 0) {
		if (errno != EINTR && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN) {
		  write_failed:
			rsyserr(FERROR, errno,
				"safe_write failed to write %ld bytes to %s [%s]",
				(long)len, what_fd_is(fd), who_am_i());
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
	} else {
		buf += n;
		len -= n;
	}

	while (len) {
		struct timeval tv;
		fd_set w_fds;
		int cnt;

		FD_ZERO(&w_fds);
		FD_SET(fd, &w_fds);
		tv.tv_sec = select_timeout;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;

		cnt = select(fd + 1, NULL, &w_fds, NULL, &tv);
		if (cnt <= 0) {
			if (cnt < 0 && errno == EBADF) {
				rsyserr(FERROR, errno, "safe_write select failed on %s [%s]",
					what_fd_is(fd), who_am_i());
				exit_cleanup(RERR_FILEIO);
			}
			check_timeout();
			continue;
		}

		if (FD_ISSET(fd, &w_fds)) {
			n = write(fd, buf, len);
			if (n < 0) {
				if (errno == EINTR)
					continue;
				goto write_failed;
			}
			buf += n;
			len -= n;
		}
	}
}

/* This is only called when files-from data is known to be available.  We read
 * a chunk of data and put it into the output buffer. */
static void forward_filesfrom_data(void)
{
	char buf[FILESFROM_BUFLEN];
	int len;
	xbuf x;

	INIT_CONST_XBUF(x, buf);

	len = read(ff_forward_fd, x.buf, x.size);
	if (len <= 0) {
		if (len == 0 || errno != EINTR) {
			/* Send end-of-file marker */
			write_buf(iobuf.out_fd, "\0\0", ff_lastchar ? 2 : 1);
			ff_forward_fd = -1;
			if (protocol_version < 31)
				io_start_multiplex_out(iobuf.out_fd);
		}
		return;
	}

	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] files-from read=%ld\n", who_am_i(), (long)len);

	if (!eol_nulls) {
		char *s = x.buf + len;
		/* Transform CR and/or LF into '\0' */
		while (s-- > x.buf) {
			if (*s == '\n' || *s == '\r')
				*s = '\0';
		}
	}
	if (ff_lastchar)
		x.pos = 0;
	else {
		char *s = x.buf;
		/* Last buf ended with a '\0', so don't let this buf start with one. */
		while (len && *s == '\0')
			s++, len--;
		x.pos = s - x.buf;
	}
	if (len) {
		char *f = x.buf + x.pos;
		char *t = f; /* Keep any non-zero offset to avoid iconv reset. */
		char *eob = f + len;
		/* Eliminate any multi-'\0' runs. */
		while (f != eob) {
			if (!(*t++ = *f++)) {
				while (f != eob && !*f)
					f++, len--;
			}
		}
		ff_lastchar = f[-1];
	}
#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	if (filesfrom_convert) {
		/* TODO would it help to translate each string between nulls separately? */
		x.len = len;
		iconvbufs(ic_send, &x, &iobuf.out, ICB_INCLUDE_BAD|ICB_INCLUDE_INCOMPLETE|ICB_CIRCULAR_OUT);
	} else
#endif
	if (len) {
		/* This will not circle back to perform_io() because we only get
		 * called when there is plenty of room in the output buffer. */
		write_buf(iobuf.out_fd, x.buf, len);
	}
}

/* Perform buffered input and output until specified conditions are met.  When
 * given a "needed" read requirement, we'll return without doing any I/O if the
 * iobuf.in bytes are already available.  When reading, we'll read as many
 * bytes as we can into the buffer, and return as soon as we meet the minimum
 * read requirement.  When given a "needed" write requirement, we'll return
 * without doing any I/O if that many bytes will fit in the output buffer (we
 * check either iobuf.out or iobuf.msg, depending on the flags).  When writing,
 * we write out as much as we can, and return as soon as the given free-space
 * requirement is available.
 *
 * The iobuf.out and iobuf.msg buffers are circular, so some writes into them
 * will need to be split when the data needs to wrap around to the start.  In
 * order to help make this easier for some operations (such as the use of
 * SIVAL() into the buffer) the buffers MUST have 4 bytes of overflow space at
 * the end that is not not counted in the "size".  The iobuf.in buffer is not
 * (currently) circular.  To facilitate the handling of MSG_DATA bytes as they
 * are read-from/written-into the buffers, see the three raw_* iobuf vars.
 *
 * When writing, we flush data in the following priority order:
 *
 * 1. Finish writing any in-progress MSG_DATA sequence from iobuf.out.
 *
 * 2. Write out all the messages from the message buf (if iobuf.msg is active).
 *    Yes, this means that a PIO_NEED_OUTROOM call will completely flush any
 *    messages before getting to the iobuf.out flushing (except for rule 1).
 *
 * 3. Write out the raw data from iobuf.out, possibly filling in the multiplexed
 *    MSG_DATA header that was pre-allocated (when output is multiplexed).
 *
 * TODO:  items for possible future work:
 *
 *    - Make this routine able to read the generator-to-receiver batch flow?
 *
 *    - Make the input buffer circular?
 *
 * Unlike the old routines that this replaces, it is OK to read ahead as far as
 * we can because the read_a_msg() routine now reads its bytes out of the input
 * buffer.  In the old days, only raw data was in the input buffer, and any
 * unused raw data in the buf would prevent the reading of socket data. */
static char *perform_io(size_t needed, int flags)
{
	fd_set r_fds, e_fds, w_fds;
	struct timeval tv;
	int cnt, max_fd;
	size_t empty_buf_len = 0;
	xbuf *out;
	char *data;

	if (iobuf.in.len == 0 && iobuf.in.pos != 0) {
		if (iobuf.raw_input_ends_before)
			iobuf.raw_input_ends_before -= iobuf.in.pos;
		iobuf.in.pos = 0;
	}

	switch (flags & PIO_NEED_FLAGS) {
	case PIO_NEED_INPUT:
		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 3)) {
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] perform_io(%ld, %sinput)\n",
				who_am_i(), (long)needed, flags & PIO_CONSUME_INPUT ? "consume&" : "");
		}

		/* Make sure the input buffer is big enough to hold "needed" bytes.
		 * Also make sure it will fit in the free space at the end, or
		 * else we need to shift some bytes. */
		if (needed && iobuf.in.size < needed) {
			if (!(iobuf.in.buf = realloc_array(iobuf.in.buf, char, needed)))
				out_of_memory("perform_io");
			if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 4)) {
				rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] resized input buffer from %ld to %ld bytes.\n",
					who_am_i(), (long)iobuf.in.size, (long)needed);
			}
			iobuf.in.size = needed;
		}
		if (iobuf.in.size - iobuf.in.pos < needed
		 || (iobuf.in.len < needed && iobuf.in.len < 1024
		  && iobuf.in.size - (iobuf.in.pos + iobuf.in.len) < 1024)) {
			memmove(iobuf.in.buf, iobuf.in.buf + iobuf.in.pos, iobuf.in.len);
			if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 4)) {
				rprintf(FINFO,
					"[%s] moved %ld bytes from %ld to 0 in the input buffer (size=%ld, needed=%ld).\n",
					who_am_i(), (long)iobuf.in.len, (long)iobuf.in.pos, (long)iobuf.in.size, (long)needed);
			}
			if (iobuf.raw_input_ends_before)
				iobuf.raw_input_ends_before -= iobuf.in.pos;
			iobuf.in.pos = 0;
		}
		break;

	case PIO_NEED_OUTROOM:
		/* We never resize the circular output buffer. */
		if (iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out_empty_len < needed) {
			fprintf(stderr, "need to write %ld bytes, iobuf.out.buf is only %ld bytes.\n",
				(long)needed, (long)(iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out_empty_len));
			exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
		}

		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 3)) {
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] perform_io(%ld, outroom) needs to flush %ld\n",
				who_am_i(), (long)needed,
				iobuf.out.len > iobuf.out.size - needed
				? (long)iobuf.out.len - (iobuf.out.size - needed) : 0L);
		}
		break;

	case PIO_NEED_MSGROOM:
		/* We never resize the circular message buffer. */
		if (iobuf.msg.size < needed) {
			fprintf(stderr, "need to write %ld bytes, iobuf.msg.buf is only %ld bytes.\n",
				(long)needed, (long)iobuf.msg.size);
			exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
		}

		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 3)) {
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] perform_io(%ld, msgroom) needs to flush %ld\n",
				who_am_i(), (long)needed,
				iobuf.out.len > iobuf.msg.size - needed
				? (long)iobuf.out.len - (iobuf.msg.size - needed) : 0L);
		}
		break;

	case 0:
		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 3))
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] perform_io(%ld, %d)\n", who_am_i(), (long)needed, flags);
		break;

	default:
		exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
	}

	while (1) {
		switch (flags & PIO_NEED_FLAGS) {
		case PIO_NEED_INPUT:
			if (iobuf.in.len >= needed)
				goto double_break;
			break;
		case PIO_NEED_OUTROOM:
			if (iobuf.out.len <= iobuf.out.size - needed)
				goto double_break;
			break;
		case PIO_NEED_MSGROOM:
			if (iobuf.msg.len <= iobuf.msg.size - needed)
				goto double_break;
			break;
		}

		max_fd = -1;

		FD_ZERO(&r_fds);
		FD_ZERO(&e_fds);
		if (iobuf.in_fd >= 0 && iobuf.in.size - (iobuf.in.pos + iobuf.in.len)) {
			if (!read_batch || batch_fd >= 0) {
				FD_SET(iobuf.in_fd, &r_fds);
				FD_SET(iobuf.in_fd, &e_fds);
			}
			if (iobuf.in_fd > max_fd)
				max_fd = iobuf.in_fd;
		}

		/* Only do more filesfrom processing if there is enough room in the out buffer. */
		if (ff_forward_fd >= 0 && iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out.len > FILESFROM_BUFLEN*2) {
			FD_SET(ff_forward_fd, &r_fds);
			if (ff_forward_fd > max_fd)
				max_fd = ff_forward_fd;
		}

		FD_ZERO(&w_fds);
		if (iobuf.out_fd >= 0) {
			if (iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before
			 || (!iobuf.msg.len && iobuf.out.len > iobuf.out_empty_len && !(flags & PIO_NEED_MSGROOM))) {
				if (OUT_MULTIPLEXED && !iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before) {
					size_t val;

					/* The iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before value can point off the end
					 * of the iobuf.out buffer for a while, for easier subtracting. */
					iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before = iobuf.out.pos + iobuf.out.len;

					SIVAL(iobuf.out.buf + iobuf.raw_data_header_pos, 0,
					      ((MPLEX_BASE + (int)MSG_DATA)<<24) + iobuf.out.len - 4);
					if ((val = iobuf.out.size - iobuf.raw_data_header_pos) < 4) {
						/* We used some of the overflow bytes, so move them. */
						if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 4)) {
							rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] wrap-bytes moved: %d (perform_io)\n",
								who_am_i(), (int)val);
						}
						memcpy(iobuf.out.buf, iobuf.out.buf + iobuf.out.size, 4 - val);
					}

					if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 1)) {
						rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] send_msg(%d, %ld)\n",
							who_am_i(), (int)MSG_DATA, (long)iobuf.out.len - 4);
					}

					/* reserve room for the next MSG_DATA header */
					iobuf.raw_data_header_pos = iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before;
					if (iobuf.raw_data_header_pos >= iobuf.out.size)
						iobuf.raw_data_header_pos -= iobuf.out.size;
					iobuf.out.len += 4;
				}

				empty_buf_len = iobuf.out_empty_len;
				out = &iobuf.out;
			} else if (iobuf.msg.len) {
				empty_buf_len = 0;
				out = &iobuf.msg;
			} else
				out = NULL;
			if (out) {
				FD_SET(iobuf.out_fd, &w_fds);
				if (iobuf.out_fd > max_fd)
					max_fd = iobuf.out_fd;
			}
		} else
			out = NULL;

		if (max_fd < 0) {
			switch (flags & PIO_NEED_FLAGS) {
			case PIO_NEED_INPUT:
				rprintf(FERROR, "error in perform_io: no fd for input.\n");
				exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
			case PIO_NEED_OUTROOM:
			case PIO_NEED_MSGROOM:
				msgs2stderr = 1;
				rprintf(FERROR, "error in perform_io: no fd for output.\n");
				exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
			default:
				/* No stated needs, so I guess this is OK. */
				break;
			}
			break;
		}

		if (extra_flist_sending_enabled) {
			if (file_total - file_old_total < MAX_FILECNT_LOOKAHEAD
			 && file_total - file_old_total >= MIN_FILECNT_LOOKAHEAD)
				tv.tv_sec = 0;
			else {
				extra_flist_sending_enabled = False;
				tv.tv_sec = select_timeout;
			}
		} else
			tv.tv_sec = select_timeout;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;

		cnt = select(max_fd + 1, &r_fds, &w_fds, &e_fds, &tv);

		if (cnt <= 0) {
			if (cnt < 0 && errno == EBADF) {
				msgs2stderr = 1;
				exit_cleanup(RERR_SOCKETIO);
			}
			if (extra_flist_sending_enabled) {
				extra_flist_sending_enabled = False;
				send_extra_file_list(sock_f_out, -1);
				extra_flist_sending_enabled = !flist_eof;
			} else
				check_timeout();
			FD_ZERO(&r_fds); /* Just in case... */
			FD_ZERO(&w_fds);
		}

		if (iobuf.in_fd >= 0 && FD_ISSET(iobuf.in_fd, &r_fds)) {
			size_t pos = iobuf.in.pos + iobuf.in.len;
			size_t len = iobuf.in.size - pos;
			int n;
			if ((n = read(iobuf.in_fd, iobuf.in.buf + pos, len)) <= 0) {
				if (n == 0) {
					if (!read_batch || batch_fd < 0 || am_generator)
						whine_about_eof(iobuf.in_fd); /* Doesn't return. */
					batch_fd = -1;
					continue;
				}
				if (errno == EINTR || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
					n = 0;
				else {
					/* Don't write errors on a dead socket. */
					if (iobuf.in_fd == sock_f_in) {
						if (am_sender)
							msgs2stderr = 1;
						rsyserr(FERROR_SOCKET, errno, "read error");
					} else
						rsyserr(FERROR, errno, "read error");
					exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
				}
			}
			if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
				rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] recv=%ld\n", who_am_i(), (long)n);

			if (io_timeout)
				last_io_in = time(NULL);
			stats.total_read += n;

			iobuf.in.len += n;
		}

		if (iobuf.out_fd >= 0 && FD_ISSET(iobuf.out_fd, &w_fds)) {
			size_t len = iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before ? iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before - out->pos : out->len;
			int n;

			if (bwlimit_writemax && len > bwlimit_writemax)
				len = bwlimit_writemax;

			if (out->pos + len > out->size)
				len = out->size - out->pos;
			if ((n = write(iobuf.out_fd, out->buf + out->pos, len)) <= 0) {
				if (errno == EINTR || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
					n = 0;
				else {
					/* Don't write errors on a dead socket. */
					msgs2stderr = 1;
					out->len = iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before = out->pos = 0;
					rsyserr(FERROR_SOCKET, errno, "write error");
					exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
				}
			}
			if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2)) {
				rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] %s sent=%ld\n",
					who_am_i(), out == &iobuf.out ? "out" : "msg", (long)n);
			}

			if (io_timeout)
				last_io_out = time(NULL);
			stats.total_written += n;

			if (bwlimit_writemax)
				sleep_for_bwlimit(n);

			if ((out->pos += n) == out->size) {
				if (iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before)
					iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before -= out->size;
				out->pos = 0;
			}
			if (out->pos == iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before)
				iobuf.raw_flushing_ends_before = 0;
			if ((out->len -= n) == empty_buf_len) {
				out->pos = 0;
				if (empty_buf_len)
					iobuf.raw_data_header_pos = 0;
			}
		}

		if (ff_forward_fd >= 0 && FD_ISSET(ff_forward_fd, &r_fds)) {
			/* This can potentially flush all output and enable
			 * multiplexed output, so keep this last in the loop
			 * and be sure to not cache anything that would break
			 * such a change. */
			forward_filesfrom_data();
		}
	}
  double_break:

	data = iobuf.in.buf + iobuf.in.pos;

	if (flags & PIO_CONSUME_INPUT) {
		iobuf.in.len -= needed;
		iobuf.in.pos += needed;
	}

	return data;
}

/* Buffer a message for the multiplexed output stream.  Is never used for MSG_DATA. */
int send_msg(enum msgcode code, const char *buf, size_t len, int convert)
{
	char *hdr;
	size_t pos;
	BOOL want_debug = DEBUG_GTE(IO, 1) && convert >= 0 && (msgs2stderr || code != MSG_INFO);

	if (!OUT_MULTIPLEXED)
		return 0;

	if (want_debug)
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] send_msg(%d, %ld)\n", who_am_i(), (int)code, (long)len);

#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	if (convert > 0 && ic_send == (iconv_t)-1)
		convert = 0;
	if (convert > 0) {
		/* Ensuring double-size room leaves space for a potential conversion. */
		if (iobuf.msg.len + len*2 + 4 > iobuf.msg.size)
			perform_io(len*2 + 4, PIO_NEED_MSGROOM);
	} else
#endif
	if (iobuf.msg.len + len + 4 > iobuf.msg.size)
		perform_io(len + 4, PIO_NEED_MSGROOM);

	pos = iobuf.msg.pos + iobuf.msg.len; /* Must be set after any flushing. */
	if (pos >= iobuf.msg.size)
		pos -= iobuf.msg.size;
	hdr = iobuf.msg.buf + pos;

	iobuf.msg.len += 4; /* Leave room for the coming header bytes. */

#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	if (convert > 0) {
		xbuf inbuf;

		INIT_XBUF(inbuf, (char*)buf, len, (size_t)-1);

		len = iobuf.msg.len;
		iconvbufs(ic_send, &inbuf, &iobuf.msg,
			  ICB_INCLUDE_BAD | ICB_INCLUDE_INCOMPLETE | ICB_CIRCULAR_OUT);
		if (inbuf.len > 0) {
			rprintf(FERROR, "overflowed iobuf.msg buffer in send_msg");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
		}
		len = iobuf.msg.len - len;
	} else
#endif
	{
		size_t siz;

		if ((pos += 4) >= iobuf.msg.size)
			pos -= iobuf.msg.size;

		/* Handle a split copy if we wrap around the end of the circular buffer. */
		if (pos >= iobuf.msg.pos && (siz = iobuf.msg.size - pos) < len) {
			memcpy(iobuf.msg.buf + pos, buf, siz);
			memcpy(iobuf.msg.buf, buf + siz, len - siz);
		} else
			memcpy(iobuf.msg.buf + pos, buf, len);

		iobuf.msg.len += len;
	}

	SIVAL(hdr, 0, ((MPLEX_BASE + (int)code)<<24) + len);
	/* If the header used any overflow bytes, move them to the start. */
	if ((pos = hdr+4 - iobuf.msg.buf) > iobuf.msg.size) {
		size_t siz = pos - iobuf.msg.size;
		if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 4))
			rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] wrap-bytes moved: %d (send_msg)\n", who_am_i(), (int)siz);
		memcpy(iobuf.msg.buf, hdr+4 - siz, siz);
	}

	if (want_debug && convert > 0)
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] converted msg len=%ld\n", who_am_i(), (long)len);

	return 1;
}

void send_msg_int(enum msgcode code, int num)
{
	char numbuf[4];

	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 1))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] send_msg_int(%d, %d)\n", who_am_i(), (int)code, num);

	SIVAL(numbuf, 0, num);
	send_msg(code, numbuf, 4, -1);
}

static void got_flist_entry_status(enum festatus status, int ndx)
{
	struct file_list *flist = flist_for_ndx(ndx, "got_flist_entry_status");

	if (remove_source_files) {
		active_filecnt--;
		active_bytecnt -= F_LENGTH(flist->files[ndx - flist->ndx_start]);
	}

	if (inc_recurse)
		flist->in_progress--;

	switch (status) {
	case FES_SUCCESS:
		if (remove_source_files)
			send_msg_int(MSG_SUCCESS, ndx);
		if (preserve_hard_links) {
			struct file_struct *file = flist->files[ndx - flist->ndx_start];
			if (F_IS_HLINKED(file)) {
				flist_ndx_push(&hlink_list, ndx);
				flist->in_progress++;
			}
		}
		break;
	case FES_REDO:
		if (read_batch) {
			if (inc_recurse)
				flist->in_progress++;
			break;
		}
		if (inc_recurse)
			flist->to_redo++;
		flist_ndx_push(&redo_list, ndx);
		break;
	case FES_NO_SEND:
		break;
	}
}

/* Note the fds used for the main socket (which might really be a pipe
 * for a local transfer, but we can ignore that). */
void io_set_sock_fds(int f_in, int f_out)
{
	sock_f_in = f_in;
	sock_f_out = f_out;
}

void set_io_timeout(int secs)
{
	io_timeout = secs;

	if (!io_timeout || io_timeout > SELECT_TIMEOUT)
		select_timeout = SELECT_TIMEOUT;
	else
		select_timeout = io_timeout;

	allowed_lull = read_batch ? 0 : (io_timeout + 1) / 2;
}

static void check_for_d_option_error(const char *msg)
{
	static char rsync263_opts[] = "BCDHIKLPRSTWabceghlnopqrtuvxz";
	char *colon;
	int saw_d = 0;

	if (*msg != 'r'
	 || strncmp(msg, REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR, sizeof REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR - 1) != 0)
		return;

	msg += sizeof REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR - 1;
	if (*msg == '-' || (colon = strchr(msg, ':')) == NULL
	 || strncmp(colon, REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR2, sizeof REMOTE_OPTION_ERROR2 - 1) != 0)
		return;

	for ( ; *msg != ':'; msg++) {
		if (*msg == 'd')
			saw_d = 1;
		else if (*msg == 'e')
			break;
		else if (strchr(rsync263_opts, *msg) == NULL)
			return;
	}

	if (saw_d) {
		rprintf(FWARNING,
		    "*** Try using \"--old-d\" if remote rsync is <= 2.6.3 ***\n");
	}
}

/* This is used by the generator to limit how many file transfers can
 * be active at once when --remove-source-files is specified.  Without
 * this, sender-side deletions were mostly happening at the end. */
void increment_active_files(int ndx, int itemizing, enum logcode code)
{
	while (1) {
		/* TODO: tune these limits? */
		int limit = active_bytecnt >= 128*1024 ? 10 : 50;
		if (active_filecnt < limit)
			break;
		check_for_finished_files(itemizing, code, 0);
		if (active_filecnt < limit)
			break;
		wait_for_receiver();
	}

	active_filecnt++;
	active_bytecnt += F_LENGTH(cur_flist->files[ndx - cur_flist->ndx_start]);
}

int get_redo_num(void)
{
	return flist_ndx_pop(&redo_list);
}

int get_hlink_num(void)
{
	return flist_ndx_pop(&hlink_list);
}

/* When we're the receiver and we have a local --files-from list of names
 * that needs to be sent over the socket to the sender, we have to do two
 * things at the same time: send the sender a list of what files we're
 * processing and read the incoming file+info list from the sender.  We do
 * this by making recv_file_list() call forward_filesfrom_data(), which
 * will ensure that we forward data to the sender until we get some data
 * for recv_file_list() to use. */
void start_filesfrom_forwarding(int fd)
{
	ff_forward_fd = fd;
	if (protocol_version < 31) {
		int save_fd = iobuf.out_fd;
		/* Older protocols send the files-from data w/o packaging it in
		 * multiplexed I/O packets.  To match this, we temporarily turn
		 * off the multiplexing of our output w/o disabling buffering. */
		assert(OUT_MULTIPLEXED);
		/* Be extra, extra sure no messages go out before files-from data. */
		iobuf.msg.pos = iobuf.msg.len = 0;
		io_end_multiplex_out(False);
		iobuf.out_fd = save_fd;
	}
}

/* Read a line into the "buf" buffer. */
int read_line(int fd, char *buf, size_t bufsiz, int flags)
{
	char ch, *s, *eob;

#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	if (flags & RL_CONVERT && iconv_buf.size < bufsiz)
		realloc_xbuf(&iconv_buf, bufsiz + 1024);
#endif

  start:
#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	s = flags & RL_CONVERT ? iconv_buf.buf : buf;
#else
	s = buf;
#endif
	eob = s + bufsiz - 1;
	while (1) {
		/* We avoid read_byte() for files because files can return an EOF. */
		if (fd == iobuf.in_fd)
			ch = read_byte(fd);
		else if (safe_read(fd, &ch, 1) == 0)
			break;
		if (flags & RL_EOL_NULLS ? ch == '\0' : (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n')) {
			/* Skip empty lines if dumping comments. */
			if (flags & RL_DUMP_COMMENTS && s == buf)
				continue;
			break;
		}
		if (s < eob)
			*s++ = ch;
	}
	*s = '\0';

	if (flags & RL_DUMP_COMMENTS && (*buf == '#' || *buf == ';'))
		goto start;

#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	if (flags & RL_CONVERT) {
		xbuf outbuf;
		INIT_XBUF(outbuf, buf, 0, bufsiz);
		iconv_buf.pos = 0;
		iconv_buf.len = s - iconv_buf.buf;
		iconvbufs(ic_recv, &iconv_buf, &outbuf,
			  ICB_INCLUDE_BAD | ICB_INCLUDE_INCOMPLETE);
		outbuf.buf[outbuf.len] = '\0';
		return outbuf.len;
	}
#endif

	return s - buf;
}

void read_args(int f_in, char *mod_name, char *buf, size_t bufsiz, int rl_nulls,
	       char ***argv_p, int *argc_p, char **request_p)
{
	int maxargs = MAX_ARGS;
	int dot_pos = 0;
	int argc = 0;
	char **argv, *p;
	int rl_flags = (rl_nulls ? RL_EOL_NULLS : 0);

#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
	rl_flags |= (protect_args && ic_recv != (iconv_t)-1 ? RL_CONVERT : 0);
#endif

	if (!(argv = new_array(char *, maxargs)))
		out_of_memory("read_args");
	if (mod_name && !protect_args)
		argv[argc++] = "rsyncd";

	while (1) {
		if (read_line(f_in, buf, bufsiz, rl_flags) == 0)
			break;

		if (argc == maxargs-1) {
			maxargs += MAX_ARGS;
			if (!(argv = realloc_array(argv, char *, maxargs)))
				out_of_memory("read_args");
		}

		if (dot_pos) {
			if (request_p) {
				*request_p = strdup(buf);
				request_p = NULL;
			}
			if (mod_name)
				glob_expand_module(mod_name, buf, &argv, &argc, &maxargs);
			else
				glob_expand(buf, &argv, &argc, &maxargs);
		} else {
			if (!(p = strdup(buf)))
				out_of_memory("read_args");
			argv[argc++] = p;
			if (*p == '.' && p[1] == '\0')
				dot_pos = argc;
		}
	}
	argv[argc] = NULL;

	glob_expand(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

	*argc_p = argc;
	*argv_p = argv;
}

int io_start_buffering_out(int f_out)
{
	if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_start_buffering_out(%d)\n", who_am_i(), f_out);

	if (OUT_MULTIPLEXED && !iobuf.msg.buf) {
		iobuf.msg.size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE - 4;
		if (!(iobuf.msg.buf = new_array(char, iobuf.msg.size + 4)))
			out_of_memory("io_start_buffering_out");
		iobuf.msg.pos = iobuf.msg.len = 0;
	}

	if (iobuf.out.buf) {
		if (iobuf.out_fd == -1)
			iobuf.out_fd = f_out;
		assert(f_out == iobuf.out_fd);
		return 0;
	}

	iobuf.out.size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE * 2 - 4;
	/* The 4 overflow bytes makes some circular-buffer wrapping operations easier. */
	if (!(iobuf.out.buf = new_array(char, iobuf.out.size + 4)))
		out_of_memory("io_start_buffering_out");
	iobuf.out.pos = iobuf.out.len = 0;
	iobuf.out_fd = f_out;

	return 1;
}

int io_start_buffering_in(int f_in)
{
	if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_start_buffering_in(%d)\n", who_am_i(), f_in);

	if (iobuf.in.buf) {
		if (iobuf.in_fd == -1)
			iobuf.in_fd = f_in;
		assert(f_in == iobuf.in_fd);
		return 0;
	}

	iobuf.in.size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE;
	if (!(iobuf.in.buf = new_array(char, iobuf.in.size)))
		out_of_memory("io_start_buffering_in");

	iobuf.in.pos = iobuf.in.len = 0;

	iobuf.in_fd = f_in;

	return 1;
}

static void free_xbuf(xbuf *x)
{
	if (x->buf)
		free(x->buf);
	memset(x, 0, sizeof (xbuf));
}

void io_end_buffering_in(BOOL free_buffers)
{
	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2)) {
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_end_buffering_in(%s)\n",
			who_am_i(), free_buffers ? "True" : "False");
	}

	if (free_buffers)
		free_xbuf(&iobuf.in);
	else
		iobuf.in.pos = iobuf.in.len = 0;

	iobuf.in_fd = -1;
}

void io_end_buffering_out(BOOL free_buffers)
{
	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2)) {
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_end_buffering_out(%s)\n",
			who_am_i(), free_buffers ? "True" : "False");
	}

	io_flush(FULL_FLUSH);

	if (free_buffers) {
		free_xbuf(&iobuf.out);
		free_xbuf(&iobuf.msg);
	} else {
		iobuf.out.pos = iobuf.out.len = 0;
		iobuf.msg.pos = iobuf.msg.len = 0;
	}

	iobuf.out_fd = -1;
}

void maybe_flush_socket(int important)
{
	if (flist_eof && iobuf.out.buf && iobuf.out.len > iobuf.out_empty_len
	 && (important || time(NULL) - last_io_out >= 5))
		io_flush(NORMAL_FLUSH);
}

void maybe_send_keepalive(void)
{
	if (time(NULL) - last_io_out >= allowed_lull) {
		if (!iobuf.msg.len && iobuf.out.len == iobuf.out_empty_len) {
			if (protocol_version < 29)
				return; /* there's nothing we can do */
			if (protocol_version >= 30)
				send_msg(MSG_NOOP, "", 0, 0);
			else {
				write_int(iobuf.out_fd, cur_flist->used);
				write_shortint(iobuf.out_fd, ITEM_IS_NEW);
			}
		}
		if (iobuf.msg.len)
			perform_io(iobuf.msg.size - iobuf.msg.len + 1, PIO_NEED_MSGROOM);
		else if (iobuf.out.len > iobuf.out_empty_len)
			io_flush(NORMAL_FLUSH);
	}
}

void start_flist_forward(int ndx)
{
	write_int(iobuf.out_fd, ndx);
	forward_flist_data = 1;
}

void stop_flist_forward(void)
{
	forward_flist_data = 0;
}

/* Read a message from a multiplexed source. */
static void read_a_msg(void)
{
	char *data, line[BIGPATHBUFLEN];
	int tag;
	size_t msg_bytes;

	data = perform_io(4, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
	tag = IVAL(data, 0);

	msg_bytes = tag & 0xFFFFFF;
	tag = (tag >> 24) - MPLEX_BASE;

	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 1) && (msgs2stderr || tag != MSG_INFO))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] got msg=%d, len=%ld\n", who_am_i(), (int)tag, (long)msg_bytes);

	switch (tag) {
	case MSG_DATA:
		assert(iobuf.raw_input_ends_before == 0);
		/* Though this does not yet read the data, we do mark where in
		 * the buffer the msg data will end once it is read.  It is
		 * possible that this points off the end of the buffer, in
		 * which case the gradual reading of the input stream will
		 * cause this value to decrease and eventually become real. */
		iobuf.raw_input_ends_before = iobuf.in.pos + msg_bytes;
		break;
	case MSG_STATS:
		if (msg_bytes != sizeof stats.total_read || !am_generator)
			goto invalid_msg;
		data = perform_io(sizeof stats.total_read, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		memcpy((char*)&stats.total_read, data, sizeof stats.total_read);
		break;
	case MSG_REDO:
		if (msg_bytes != 4 || !am_generator)
			goto invalid_msg;
		data = perform_io(4, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		got_flist_entry_status(FES_REDO, IVAL(data, 0));
		break;
	case MSG_IO_ERROR:
		if (msg_bytes != 4 || am_sender)
			goto invalid_msg;
		data = perform_io(4, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		io_error |= IVAL(data, 0);
		if (!am_generator)
			send_msg(MSG_IO_ERROR, data, 4, 0);
		break;
	case MSG_NOOP:
		if (am_sender)
			maybe_send_keepalive();
		break;
	case MSG_DELETED:
		if (msg_bytes >= sizeof line)
			goto overflow;
		if (am_generator) {
			memcpy(line, perform_io(msg_bytes, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME), msg_bytes);
			send_msg(MSG_DELETED, line, msg_bytes, 1);
			break;
		}
#ifdef ICONV_OPTION
		if (ic_recv != (iconv_t)-1) {
			xbuf outbuf, inbuf;
			char ibuf[512];
			int add_null = 0;

			INIT_CONST_XBUF(outbuf, line);
			INIT_XBUF(inbuf, ibuf, 0, (size_t)-1);

			while (msg_bytes) {
				inbuf.len = msg_bytes > sizeof ibuf ? sizeof ibuf : msg_bytes;
				memcpy(inbuf.buf, perform_io(inbuf.len, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME), inbuf.len);
				if (!(msg_bytes -= inbuf.len)
				 && !ibuf[inbuf.len-1])
					inbuf.len--, add_null = 1;
				if (iconvbufs(ic_send, &inbuf, &outbuf,
				    ICB_INCLUDE_BAD | ICB_INCLUDE_INCOMPLETE) < 0)
					goto overflow;
			}
			if (add_null) {
				if (outbuf.len == outbuf.size)
					goto overflow;
				outbuf.buf[outbuf.len++] = '\0';
			}
			msg_bytes = outbuf.len;
		} else
#endif
			memcpy(line, perform_io(msg_bytes, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME), msg_bytes);
		/* A directory name was sent with the trailing null */
		if (msg_bytes > 0 && !line[msg_bytes-1])
			log_delete(line, S_IFDIR);
		else {
			line[msg_bytes] = '\0';
			log_delete(line, S_IFREG);
		}
		break;
	case MSG_SUCCESS:
		if (msg_bytes != 4) {
		  invalid_msg:
			rprintf(FERROR, "invalid multi-message %d:%lu [%s%s]\n",
				tag, (unsigned long)msg_bytes, who_am_i(),
				inc_recurse ? "/inc" : "");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
		data = perform_io(4, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		if (am_generator)
			got_flist_entry_status(FES_SUCCESS, IVAL(data, 0));
		else
			successful_send(IVAL(data, 0));
		break;
	case MSG_NO_SEND:
		if (msg_bytes != 4)
			goto invalid_msg;
		data = perform_io(4, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		if (am_generator)
			got_flist_entry_status(FES_NO_SEND, IVAL(data, 0));
		else
			send_msg(MSG_NO_SEND, data, 4, 0);
		break;
	case MSG_ERROR_SOCKET:
	case MSG_ERROR_UTF8:
	case MSG_CLIENT:
	case MSG_LOG:
		if (!am_generator)
			goto invalid_msg;
		if (tag == MSG_ERROR_SOCKET)
			msgs2stderr = 1;
		/* FALL THROUGH */
	case MSG_INFO:
	case MSG_ERROR:
	case MSG_ERROR_XFER:
	case MSG_WARNING:
		if (msg_bytes >= sizeof line) {
		    overflow:
			rprintf(FERROR,
				"multiplexing overflow %d:%lu [%s%s]\n",
				tag, (unsigned long)msg_bytes, who_am_i(),
				inc_recurse ? "/inc" : "");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
		memcpy(line, perform_io(msg_bytes, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME), msg_bytes);
		rwrite((enum logcode)tag, line, msg_bytes, !am_generator);
		if (first_message) {
			if (list_only && !am_sender && tag == 1 && msg_bytes < sizeof line) {
				line[msg_bytes] = '\0';
				check_for_d_option_error(line);
			}
			first_message = 0;
		}
		break;
	default:
		rprintf(FERROR, "unexpected tag %d [%s%s]\n",
			tag, who_am_i(), inc_recurse ? "/inc" : "");
		exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
	}
}

void wait_for_receiver(void)
{
	if (!iobuf.raw_input_ends_before)
		read_a_msg();

	if (iobuf.raw_input_ends_before) {
		int ndx = read_int(iobuf.in_fd);
		if (ndx < 0) {
			switch (ndx) {
			case NDX_FLIST_EOF:
				flist_eof = 1;
				if (DEBUG_GTE(FLIST, 3))
					rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] flist_eof=1\n", who_am_i());
				break;
			case NDX_DONE:
				msgdone_cnt++;
				break;
			default:
				exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
			}
		} else {
			struct file_list *flist;
			if (DEBUG_GTE(FLIST, 2)) {
				rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] receiving flist for dir %d\n",
					who_am_i(), ndx);
			}
			flist = recv_file_list(iobuf.in_fd);
			flist->parent_ndx = ndx;
#ifdef SUPPORT_HARD_LINKS
			if (preserve_hard_links)
				match_hard_links(flist);
#endif
		}
	}
}

unsigned short read_shortint(int f)
{
	char b[2];
	read_buf(f, b, 2);
	return (UVAL(b, 1) << 8) + UVAL(b, 0);
}

int32 read_int(int f)
{
	char b[4];
	int32 num;

	read_buf(f, b, 4);
	num = IVAL(b, 0);
#if SIZEOF_INT32 > 4
	if (num & (int32)0x80000000)
		num |= ~(int32)0xffffffff;
#endif
	return num;
}

int32 read_varint(int f)
{
	union {
		char b[5];
		int32 x;
	} u;
	uchar ch;
	int extra;

	u.x = 0;
	ch = read_byte(f);
	extra = int_byte_extra[ch / 4];
	if (extra) {
		uchar bit = ((uchar)1<<(8-extra));
		if (extra >= (int)sizeof u.b) {
			rprintf(FERROR, "Overflow in read_varint()\n");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
		read_buf(f, u.b, extra);
		u.b[extra] = ch & (bit-1);
	} else
		u.b[0] = ch;
#if CAREFUL_ALIGNMENT
	u.x = IVAL(u.b,0);
#endif
#if SIZEOF_INT32 > 4
	if (u.x & (int32)0x80000000)
		u.x |= ~(int32)0xffffffff;
#endif
	return u.x;
}

int64 read_varlong(int f, uchar min_bytes)
{
	union {
		char b[9];
		int64 x;
	} u;
	char b2[8];
	int extra;

#if SIZEOF_INT64 < 8
	memset(u.b, 0, 8);
#else
	u.x = 0;
#endif
	read_buf(f, b2, min_bytes);
	memcpy(u.b, b2+1, min_bytes-1);
	extra = int_byte_extra[CVAL(b2, 0) / 4];
	if (extra) {
		uchar bit = ((uchar)1<<(8-extra));
		if (min_bytes + extra > (int)sizeof u.b) {
			rprintf(FERROR, "Overflow in read_varlong()\n");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
		}
		read_buf(f, u.b + min_bytes - 1, extra);
		u.b[min_bytes + extra - 1] = CVAL(b2, 0) & (bit-1);
#if SIZEOF_INT64 < 8
		if (min_bytes + extra > 5 || u.b[4] || CVAL(u.b,3) & 0x80) {
			rprintf(FERROR, "Integer overflow: attempted 64-bit offset\n");
			exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
		}
#endif
	} else
		u.b[min_bytes + extra - 1] = CVAL(b2, 0);
#if SIZEOF_INT64 < 8
	u.x = IVAL(u.b,0);
#elif CAREFUL_ALIGNMENT
	u.x = IVAL(u.b,0) | (((int64)IVAL(u.b,4))<<32);
#endif
	return u.x;
}

int64 read_longint(int f)
{
#if SIZEOF_INT64 >= 8
	char b[9];
#endif
	int32 num = read_int(f);

	if (num != (int32)0xffffffff)
		return num;

#if SIZEOF_INT64 < 8
	rprintf(FERROR, "Integer overflow: attempted 64-bit offset\n");
	exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
#else
	read_buf(f, b, 8);
	return IVAL(b,0) | (((int64)IVAL(b,4))<<32);
#endif
}

void read_buf(int f, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	if (f != iobuf.in_fd) {
		if (safe_read(f, buf, len) != len)
			whine_about_eof(f); /* Doesn't return. */
		goto batch_copy;
	}

	if (!IN_MULTIPLEXED) {
		memcpy(buf, perform_io(len, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME), len);
		if (forward_flist_data)
			write_buf(iobuf.out_fd, buf, len);
	  batch_copy:
		if (f == write_batch_monitor_in)
			safe_write(batch_fd, buf, len);
		return;
	}

	while (1) {
		char *data;
		size_t siz;

		while (!iobuf.raw_input_ends_before)
			read_a_msg();

		siz = MIN(len, iobuf.raw_input_ends_before - iobuf.in.pos);
		data = perform_io(siz, PIO_INPUT_AND_CONSUME);
		if (iobuf.in.pos == iobuf.raw_input_ends_before)
			iobuf.raw_input_ends_before = 0;

		/* The bytes at the "data" pointer will survive long
		 * enough to make a copy, but not past future I/O. */
		memcpy(buf, data, siz);

		if (forward_flist_data)
			write_buf(iobuf.out_fd, buf, siz);

		if (f == write_batch_monitor_in)
			safe_write(batch_fd, buf, siz);

		if ((len -= siz) == 0)
			break;
		buf += siz;
	}
}

void read_sbuf(int f, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	read_buf(f, buf, len);
	buf[len] = '\0';
}

uchar read_byte(int f)
{
	uchar c;
	read_buf(f, (char*)&c, 1);
	return c;
}

int read_vstring(int f, char *buf, int bufsize)
{
	int len = read_byte(f);

	if (len & 0x80)
		len = (len & ~0x80) * 0x100 + read_byte(f);

	if (len >= bufsize) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "over-long vstring received (%d > %d)\n",
			len, bufsize - 1);
		return -1;
	}

	if (len)
		read_buf(f, buf, len);
	buf[len] = '\0';
	return len;
}

/* Populate a sum_struct with values from the socket.  This is
 * called by both the sender and the receiver. */
void read_sum_head(int f, struct sum_struct *sum)
{
	int32 max_blength = protocol_version < 30 ? OLD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE : MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
	sum->count = read_int(f);
	if (sum->count < 0) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "Invalid checksum count %ld [%s]\n",
			(long)sum->count, who_am_i());
		exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
	}
	sum->blength = read_int(f);
	if (sum->blength < 0 || sum->blength > max_blength) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "Invalid block length %ld [%s]\n",
			(long)sum->blength, who_am_i());
		exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
	}
	sum->s2length = protocol_version < 27 ? csum_length : (int)read_int(f);
	if (sum->s2length < 0 || sum->s2length > MAX_DIGEST_LEN) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "Invalid checksum length %d [%s]\n",
			sum->s2length, who_am_i());
		exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
	}
	sum->remainder = read_int(f);
	if (sum->remainder < 0 || sum->remainder > sum->blength) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "Invalid remainder length %ld [%s]\n",
			(long)sum->remainder, who_am_i());
		exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
	}
}

/* Send the values from a sum_struct over the socket.  Set sum to
 * NULL if there are no checksums to send.  This is called by both
 * the generator and the sender. */
void write_sum_head(int f, struct sum_struct *sum)
{
	static struct sum_struct null_sum;

	if (sum == NULL)
		sum = &null_sum;

	write_int(f, sum->count);
	write_int(f, sum->blength);
	if (protocol_version >= 27)
		write_int(f, sum->s2length);
	write_int(f, sum->remainder);
}

/* Sleep after writing to limit I/O bandwidth usage.
 *
 * @todo Rather than sleeping after each write, it might be better to
 * use some kind of averaging.  The current algorithm seems to always
 * use a bit less bandwidth than specified, because it doesn't make up
 * for slow periods.  But arguably this is a feature.  In addition, we
 * ought to take the time used to write the data into account.
 *
 * During some phases of big transfers (file FOO is uptodate) this is
 * called with a small bytes_written every time.  As the kernel has to
 * round small waits up to guarantee that we actually wait at least the
 * requested number of microseconds, this can become grossly inaccurate.
 * We therefore keep track of the bytes we've written over time and only
 * sleep when the accumulated delay is at least 1 tenth of a second. */
static void sleep_for_bwlimit(int bytes_written)
{
	static struct timeval prior_tv;
	static long total_written = 0;
	struct timeval tv, start_tv;
	long elapsed_usec, sleep_usec;

#define ONE_SEC	1000000L /* # of microseconds in a second */

	total_written += bytes_written;

	gettimeofday(&start_tv, NULL);
	if (prior_tv.tv_sec) {
		elapsed_usec = (start_tv.tv_sec - prior_tv.tv_sec) * ONE_SEC
			     + (start_tv.tv_usec - prior_tv.tv_usec);
		total_written -= elapsed_usec * bwlimit / (ONE_SEC/1024);
		if (total_written < 0)
			total_written = 0;
	}

	sleep_usec = total_written * (ONE_SEC/1024) / bwlimit;
	if (sleep_usec < ONE_SEC / 10) {
		prior_tv = start_tv;
		return;
	}

	tv.tv_sec  = sleep_usec / ONE_SEC;
	tv.tv_usec = sleep_usec % ONE_SEC;
	select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);

	gettimeofday(&prior_tv, NULL);
	elapsed_usec = (prior_tv.tv_sec - start_tv.tv_sec) * ONE_SEC
		     + (prior_tv.tv_usec - start_tv.tv_usec);
	total_written = (sleep_usec - elapsed_usec) * bwlimit / (ONE_SEC/1024);
}

void io_flush(int flush_it_all)
{
	if (iobuf.out.len > iobuf.out_empty_len) {
		if (flush_it_all) /* FULL_FLUSH: flush everything in the output buffers */
			perform_io(iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out_empty_len, PIO_NEED_OUTROOM);
		else /* NORMAL_FLUSH: flush at least 1 byte */
			perform_io(iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out.len + 1, PIO_NEED_OUTROOM);
	}
	if (iobuf.msg.len)
		perform_io(iobuf.msg.size, PIO_NEED_MSGROOM);
}

void write_shortint(int f, unsigned short x)
{
	char b[2];
	b[0] = (char)x;
	b[1] = (char)(x >> 8);
	write_buf(f, b, 2);
}

void write_int(int f, int32 x)
{
	char b[4];
	SIVAL(b, 0, x);
	write_buf(f, b, 4);
}

void write_varint(int f, int32 x)
{
	char b[5];
	uchar bit;
	int cnt = 4;

	SIVAL(b, 1, x);

	while (cnt > 1 && b[cnt] == 0)
		cnt--;
	bit = ((uchar)1<<(7-cnt+1));
	if (CVAL(b, cnt) >= bit) {
		cnt++;
		*b = ~(bit-1);
	} else if (cnt > 1)
		*b = b[cnt] | ~(bit*2-1);
	else
		*b = b[cnt];

	write_buf(f, b, cnt);
}

void write_varlong(int f, int64 x, uchar min_bytes)
{
	char b[9];
	uchar bit;
	int cnt = 8;

	SIVAL(b, 1, x);
#if SIZEOF_INT64 >= 8
	SIVAL(b, 5, x >> 32);
#else
	if (x <= 0x7FFFFFFF && x >= 0)
		memset(b + 5, 0, 4);
	else {
		rprintf(FERROR, "Integer overflow: attempted 64-bit offset\n");
		exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
	}
#endif

	while (cnt > min_bytes && b[cnt] == 0)
		cnt--;
	bit = ((uchar)1<<(7-cnt+min_bytes));
	if (CVAL(b, cnt) >= bit) {
		cnt++;
		*b = ~(bit-1);
	} else if (cnt > min_bytes)
		*b = b[cnt] | ~(bit*2-1);
	else
		*b = b[cnt];

	write_buf(f, b, cnt);
}

/*
 * Note: int64 may actually be a 32-bit type if ./configure couldn't find any
 * 64-bit types on this platform.
 */
void write_longint(int f, int64 x)
{
	char b[12], * const s = b+4;

	SIVAL(s, 0, x);
	if (x <= 0x7FFFFFFF && x >= 0) {
		write_buf(f, s, 4);
		return;
	}

#if SIZEOF_INT64 < 8
	rprintf(FERROR, "Integer overflow: attempted 64-bit offset\n");
	exit_cleanup(RERR_UNSUPPORTED);
#else
	memset(b, 0xFF, 4);
	SIVAL(s, 4, x >> 32);
	write_buf(f, b, 12);
#endif
}

void write_buf(int f, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
	size_t pos, siz;

	if (f != iobuf.out_fd) {
		safe_write(f, buf, len);
		goto batch_copy;
	}

	if (iobuf.out.size - iobuf.out.len < len)
		perform_io(len, PIO_NEED_OUTROOM);

	pos = iobuf.out.pos + iobuf.out.len; /* Must be set after any flushing. */
	if (pos >= iobuf.out.size)
		pos -= iobuf.out.size;

	/* Handle a split copy if we wrap around the end of the circular buffer. */
	if (pos >= iobuf.out.pos && (siz = iobuf.out.size - pos) < len) {
		memcpy(iobuf.out.buf + pos, buf, siz);
		memcpy(iobuf.out.buf, buf + siz, len - siz);
	} else
		memcpy(iobuf.out.buf + pos, buf, len);

	iobuf.out.len += len;

  batch_copy:
	if (f == write_batch_monitor_out)
		safe_write(batch_fd, buf, len);
}

/* Write a string to the connection */
void write_sbuf(int f, const char *buf)
{
	write_buf(f, buf, strlen(buf));
}

void write_byte(int f, uchar c)
{
	write_buf(f, (char *)&c, 1);
}

void write_vstring(int f, const char *str, int len)
{
	uchar lenbuf[3], *lb = lenbuf;

	if (len > 0x7F) {
		if (len > 0x7FFF) {
			rprintf(FERROR,
				"attempting to send over-long vstring (%d > %d)\n",
				len, 0x7FFF);
			exit_cleanup(RERR_PROTOCOL);
		}
		*lb++ = len / 0x100 + 0x80;
	}
	*lb = len;

	write_buf(f, (char*)lenbuf, lb - lenbuf + 1);
	if (len)
		write_buf(f, str, len);
}

/* Send a file-list index using a byte-reduction method. */
void write_ndx(int f, int32 ndx)
{
	static int32 prev_positive = -1, prev_negative = 1;
	int32 diff, cnt = 0;
	char b[6];

	if (protocol_version < 30 || read_batch) {
		write_int(f, ndx);
		return;
	}

	/* Send NDX_DONE as a single-byte 0 with no side effects.  Send
	 * negative nums as a positive after sending a leading 0xFF. */
	if (ndx >= 0) {
		diff = ndx - prev_positive;
		prev_positive = ndx;
	} else if (ndx == NDX_DONE) {
		*b = 0;
		write_buf(f, b, 1);
		return;
	} else {
		b[cnt++] = (char)0xFF;
		ndx = -ndx;
		diff = ndx - prev_negative;
		prev_negative = ndx;
	}

	/* A diff of 1 - 253 is sent as a one-byte diff; a diff of 254 - 32767
	 * or 0 is sent as a 0xFE + a two-byte diff; otherwise we send 0xFE
	 * & all 4 bytes of the (non-negative) num with the high-bit set. */
	if (diff < 0xFE && diff > 0)
		b[cnt++] = (char)diff;
	else if (diff < 0 || diff > 0x7FFF) {
		b[cnt++] = (char)0xFE;
		b[cnt++] = (char)((ndx >> 24) | 0x80);
		b[cnt++] = (char)ndx;
		b[cnt++] = (char)(ndx >> 8);
		b[cnt++] = (char)(ndx >> 16);
	} else {
		b[cnt++] = (char)0xFE;
		b[cnt++] = (char)(diff >> 8);
		b[cnt++] = (char)diff;
	}
	write_buf(f, b, cnt);
}

/* Receive a file-list index using a byte-reduction method. */
int32 read_ndx(int f)
{
	static int32 prev_positive = -1, prev_negative = 1;
	int32 *prev_ptr, num;
	char b[4];

	if (protocol_version < 30)
		return read_int(f);

	read_buf(f, b, 1);
	if (CVAL(b, 0) == 0xFF) {
		read_buf(f, b, 1);
		prev_ptr = &prev_negative;
	} else if (CVAL(b, 0) == 0)
		return NDX_DONE;
	else
		prev_ptr = &prev_positive;
	if (CVAL(b, 0) == 0xFE) {
		read_buf(f, b, 2);
		if (CVAL(b, 0) & 0x80) {
			b[3] = CVAL(b, 0) & ~0x80;
			b[0] = b[1];
			read_buf(f, b+1, 2);
			num = IVAL(b, 0);
		} else
			num = (UVAL(b,0)<<8) + UVAL(b,1) + *prev_ptr;
	} else
		num = UVAL(b, 0) + *prev_ptr;
	*prev_ptr = num;
	if (prev_ptr == &prev_negative)
		num = -num;
	return num;
}

/* Read a line of up to bufsiz-1 characters into buf.  Strips
 * the (required) trailing newline and all carriage returns.
 * Returns 1 for success; 0 for I/O error or truncation. */
int read_line_old(int fd, char *buf, size_t bufsiz)
{
	bufsiz--; /* leave room for the null */
	while (bufsiz > 0) {
		assert(fd != iobuf.in_fd);
		if (safe_read(fd, buf, 1) == 0)
			return 0;
		if (*buf == '\0')
			return 0;
		if (*buf == '\n')
			break;
		if (*buf != '\r') {
			buf++;
			bufsiz--;
		}
	}
	*buf = '\0';
	return bufsiz > 0;
}

void io_printf(int fd, const char *format, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	char buf[BIGPATHBUFLEN];
	int len;

	va_start(ap, format);
	len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	if (len < 0)
		exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);

	if (len > (int)sizeof buf) {
		rprintf(FERROR, "io_printf() was too long for the buffer.\n");
		exit_cleanup(RERR_STREAMIO);
	}

	write_sbuf(fd, buf);
}

/* Setup for multiplexing a MSG_* stream with the data stream. */
void io_start_multiplex_out(int fd)
{
	if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_start_multiplex_out(%d)\n", who_am_i(), fd);

	io_flush(FULL_FLUSH);

	iobuf.out_empty_len = 4; /* See also OUT_MULTIPLEXED */
	io_start_buffering_out(fd);

	iobuf.raw_data_header_pos = iobuf.out.pos + iobuf.out.len;
	iobuf.out.len += 4;
}

/* Setup for multiplexing a MSG_* stream with the data stream. */
void io_start_multiplex_in(int fd)
{
	if (msgs2stderr && DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2))
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_start_multiplex_in(%d)\n", who_am_i(), fd);

	iobuf.in_multiplexed = True; /* See also IN_MULTIPLEXED */
	io_start_buffering_in(fd);
}

void io_end_multiplex_in(BOOL free_buffers)
{
	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2)) {
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_end_multiplex_in(%s)\n",
			who_am_i(), free_buffers ? "True" : "False");
	}

	iobuf.in_multiplexed = False;
	iobuf.raw_input_ends_before = 0;
	io_end_buffering_in(free_buffers);
}

/* Stop output multiplexing. */
void io_end_multiplex_out(BOOL free_buffers)
{
	if (DEBUG_GTE(IO, 2)) {
		rprintf(FINFO, "[%s] io_end_multiplex_out(%s)\n",
			who_am_i(), free_buffers ? "True" : "False");
	}

	io_end_buffering_out(free_buffers);
	iobuf.out_empty_len = 0;
}

void start_write_batch(int fd)
{
	/* Some communication has already taken place, but we don't
	 * enable batch writing until here so that we can write a
	 * canonical record of the communication even though the
	 * actual communication so far depends on whether a daemon
	 * is involved. */
	write_int(batch_fd, protocol_version);
	if (protocol_version >= 30)
		write_byte(batch_fd, inc_recurse);
	write_int(batch_fd, checksum_seed);

	if (am_sender)
		write_batch_monitor_out = fd;
	else
		write_batch_monitor_in = fd;
}

void stop_write_batch(void)
{
	write_batch_monitor_out = -1;
	write_batch_monitor_in = -1;
}